Russian Letters and Sounds

• Pronounced like the "a" in the word "father" or
• "car". It is not the 'flat' "a" sound you sometimes hear in words like
• "cat" or "flat"

Pronounced like the "k" in "kitten" or "kangaroo". This letter replaces the english "c" sound in words like "cat".

Pronounced like the "m" in man. (Note: Unlike english, the hand-written "м" should always start from the bottom)

• When stressed, it is pronounced like the "o" in
• "bore". When un-stressed it is pronounced more like the letter "a".

Pronounced like the "t" in "tap". (Note: The hand-written form for "т" should always start from the top, as it looks quite similar to the letter "м")

Pronounced like the "v" in "vet". (Equivalent to the english letter "v").

Pronounced like the "ye" in "yes".

Pronounced like the "n" in "no". (Equivalent to the english letter "n").

Pronounced like the "r" in "run", but it is rolled. (Equivalent to the english letter "r").

• Pronounced like the "s" in "see". (Equivalent to the
• english letter "s"). (It might help to remember that it's used like the
• "s" sound in the english words "centre" and "cent".)

Pronounced like the "oo" in "boot" or "root".

• Pronounced like the "h" in "hello". However, this is
• often pronounced more like the "ch" in the Scottish "Loch" or German
• "Bach", or the spanish "x" in "Mexico".

Pronounced like the "b" in "bat". (Equivalent to the english letter "b").

Pronounced like the "g" in "go". (Equivalent to the english letter "g").

Pronounced like the "d" in "dog". (Equivalent to the english letter "d").

Pronounced like the "z" in "zoo". (Equivalent to the english letter "z").

• Pronounced like the "i" in "taxi". (Sometimes
• equivalent to the english letter "i", the short 'ee' sound.). (Note:
• The hand-written form for "и" looks a little like the english "u").

Pronounced like the "l" in "love". (Equivalent to the english letter "l").

Pronounced like the "p" in "pot". (Equivalent to the english letter "p").

Pronounced like the "f" in "fat". (Equivalent to the english letter "f").

Pronounced like the "e" in "fed".

Pronounced like the "u" in "universe". (Pronounced much like the english word "you").

Pronounced like the "ya" in "yard".

Pronounced like "yo" in "yonder".

• Like "s" in "measure", "pleasure" or "fusion" or like
• "g" in colour "beige". (As there is no english symbol for this sound,
• it is usually represented as "zh")

Similar to the "ts" sound in "sits" or "its".

Pronounced like the "ch" in "chips" or "church" .

Pronounced like the "sh" in shut.

• Pronounced like "sh" but with your tongue on the roof of your mouth.
• Try putting your tongue in the same position as you would to say "ch" but say "sh" instead.
• English speakers may find it hard to define the difference between "ш" and "щ".

Pronounced like the "i" in "bit" or "ill". (Said with your tounge slightly back in your mouth.)

This letter is used to form diphthongs. So "oй" is like the "oy" sound in "boy" or "aй" is like the "igh" in "sigh".

The 'Hard Sign' is rarely used. It indicates a slight pause between sylables.

• The 'Soft Sign' makes the previous letter 'soft'. Think of the "p" sound in the word "pew".
• (Try inflecting a very slight "y" sound onto letter before it.)