Urinary system.txt

during prolonged fasting, kindeys supply glucose

enzyme that helps regulat blood pressure and function of kidneys

horomone that stimulates production of RBCs in bone marrow

urinary and reproductive systems both orginate from ____________

except in males _______ is used for urine and semen transport

develops during hte 4th week of development
persist only through the 6th week
most superior position of the 3 types is connected to cloaca by the proneprhic duct
non functional and degenraters
its duct is used by meonephric kidney
akso part of duct that forms part of metanephic kidney

mesonephros

Metanephros

______ initally drains urine

umbilicus

reddish brown and lima bean shaped

behind peritoneal cavity

deep depression on concave side

entrance to renal sinus

inner layer of 3 layer fatty fibrous pouch in which kidneys are embeeded in; attachment and protects from trauma and infection

Middle layer of 3 layer fatty fibrous pouch in which kidneys are embeeded in; protection

outer layer of 3 layer fatty fibrous pouch in which kidneys are embeeded in; anchors kidneys to peritonem and abdomnal wall

When supports give away and kidneys drop

annorexia nervosa

redish- brown and granluar
outer layer of kidney

darker color and stropped
inner layer of kidney
has 8-15 renal pyramids sepertaed by renal columns
apexes are pointed toward renal sinuses

8-15 located in medulla of kidney

renal pyrmaids are seperated by ______________ in the medulla of kidney

apexes in medulla of kidney are pointed toward __________

receives urine from nephrons

larger collecting depression is ______________

smaller collectind depression is ____________________

largest collectind depression is _________________---

_________transports urine from kidney

Nephron

capilaries in _______are 100-400 times as porous as thos in skeletal muscle

few proteins can pass due to finger/net- like _________

Urinary tubulles

ureters

secretes mucus to lubricate and protect ureter; continous with lining of renal tubules and urinary bladder

inner longitudinal and outer ciruclar layer of smooth muscle; causes urine to "spurt" into bladder; proximal 1/3 has 3rd longitudinal layer
muscularis persiatl waves move urine

storage sac for urine
in females - on contact with ureters and vagina
in males - prostate gland is below bladder

once functional as urethra and secures apex

innermost streches
has flaps over ureters to prevent blackflow

3 layres and reffered to as detrusor muscle
modifed to fomr a sphinceter at urethra

also known as muscularis of urinary bladder

outer most layer of urinary bladder, only on superior surface, actually continuation of peritonemum

conveys urine from urinary bladder to outside of body

conveys urine from urinary bladder to outside of body

area between two urinary bladder layers

formed by detursor muscle of urinary bladder

voulntary straited mucels

in females it emtpites urine through the _____________ and ___________ is anterior to vagina and 2.5 cm posterior of the clitoris

vestibule between the __________________

2.5 cm long
reciees drainge from protate gland and 2 ejaculatory ducts

0.5 cm long
external urethral muscle is here!

15cm long
surrounded by erectile tissue

urination

medical specilaity in urinary system

analysis of urine for diagnosing health

in males only, urethra is open on the underside of penis

inn males only, urethra is open on upperside of penis

urinary bladder infection

renal pelvis infection

nephron infection

inflammiton of entire kidney
may be succefully treated with antibiotic therapy

low urinary output
nephrons may cease to function
blood pressure may be too low

need to get up and urinate during the night (very common in ederly)

bladder unable to expel its urine
treatment may require inserito of a cather (rubber drainage tube)

susbtatance that is toxic to kidney

kidney stones, crystalized calcium, magnesium, or uric acid,
may be caused by frequent bacterial infections, urinary retention, high con of calcium in blood, alkaline urine.

- cranberry jucie and large amount of water may reduce incidence

inability to contol micturtion (peeing) voulantrily
normal in infants

nocturnal enuresis

viewing tube that is inserted into bladder
examaine mucosal surface of bladder
trigony

appitite for abnormal substances
indicated electrolyte deficiences

counteracts acidity
used to manage heartburn