Lander Western Civ Test 3

-"roundings"
-Nat Ass overhauled the French Political map into these communes / departments

-assigned notes
-govt bonds back by confiscated land
-mismanaged
-inflated, worthless

-stormed by a mob at the beginning of the French Revolution

-minister of Louis XVI
-brought the Assembly of Notables
-AoN had conditions, LXVI said, "NO!"
-LXVI fired him

-Nat Ass reform
-govt-controlled church

-police/security arm of the emergency government during the Reign of Terror
-led by Mountain Jacobins

-a Thermidorian reaction
-Year III
-suffrage
-property qual for public office
-Council of Elders / Council of 500
-exec branch: Directory (5 members)

-3man executive branch in France
-Napoleon was first of these

-Bessemer
-uses compressed air to remove impurities from molton iron

-island (Italian) acquired by France
-anti-French
-Napoleon born there

-French version of robot

-Eli Whitney
-separates cotton fiber from seeds

-leader of the Mountain Jacobins along with Robespierre

-improves smelting process with coke-fired furnace

-arrondissement

-executive branch set up in the Constitution of 1795
-5 members chosen by the legistature

-brought back by LXVI under pressure
-had been "asleep" for 175 years
-deputies represent three groups
-catholic clergy; social elite
-lay aristocracy
-everybody else
-voted for "by head"
-Third Group = majority
-is transitioned to National Assembly

-steamboat
-Clairmont

-subgroup of the Jacobins
-"hawks"
-pro-war

-rumor-fueled hysteria which let to revolts and attacks by rural people

-spinning jenny
-sped up spinning process

-son of Maria Theresa
-1765-1790
-Austrian Habsburg
-"enlightened absolustist" ruler
-overhaul of legal system (codification and prohibition of torture)
-transforms robot to paid positions
-continues Germanizing
-comprehensive ecclesiastical policy:
-toleration for Christians
-lightened up on Jews
-de-clericalized inner govt
-confiscation and secularization of many Catholic institutions
-workaholic - ruined his health
-did not work well with others

-Thermidorian woman
-love affair with Napoleon
-gained my cred with French govt

-flying shuttle
-sped up weaving process

-enacted by Nat Ass
-no strikes
-no labor unions

-result of Nat Ass Constitution of 1791
-unicameral legislature
-initially composed of Jacobins and Constitutional Monarchists
-declared war on Austrian Habsburgs
-transitions to to the Convention

-5-yo grandson of Louis XIV
-bad: Duke Philip of Orleans
-good: Cardinal Fleury
-character flaws
-Madame Pompadour
-great challenge: govt fiscal solvency
-high war expenses
-elite basically tax-exempt
-the parlements were agains him
-Maupeou: get rid of most parlements

-grandson of Louis XV
-weak absolutist
-Marie Antoinette
-reinstates parlements
-ministries:
-Turgot (reformist - fail)
-Necker (quiet reformist - 5 yrs)
-Charles de Calonne (Assembly of Notables - LXVI kicks him out)
-Archbishop Lomenie de Brienne (resigns after Estates General brought back)
-financial crisis peaks

-durable road surface
-Tarmac

-Austrian Habsburg
-1740-1780
-daughter of Charles VI
-Frederick II invades Silesia
-1756: Diplomatic Revolution - alliance with France
-Seven Years War
-married Francis of Lorraine (HHRE)
-16 kids
-son Joseph II (co-ruled after Francis' death)
-clergy-dominated court and promot of all things German

-wife of Louis XVI
-she worked the courts

-chancellor to Louis XV
-recommended abolition of most of the parlements

-what the Third Estate declared themselves
-started the French Revolution
-for the people
-Declaration of Rights of Man and Citizen
-took over ecclesiastical lands
-REFORM!!!
-assignats and arrondissements
-Civil Constitutin of the Clergy
-Le Chapelier Law
-Constituion of 1791

-British Admirial
-fought well agains French

-Siemens
-uses redirect exhaust fumes to superheat air intake
-hotter burn removes more imputities

-mistress to Louis XV
-wielded power behind the scenes

-succession by eldest of either gender
-ensured the Austrian Habsburg rule would go to Maria Theresa

-leader of radical Jacobin faction
-started the Reign of Terror
-taken out and killed by the Thermidorians
-elimated "all enemies"
-Cult of Reason
-Cult of the Supreme Being

-unfree peasantry labor obligation
-Joseph II commuted this to paid positions

-Stephenson
-steam locomotive

-without knee-breeches
-Parisian lower-class mob
-led by Jacobins in the Convention

-former Jacobins tired of the Reign of Terror
-uprising in the Convention on 9 Thermidor
-took out and killed Robespierre
-adopted the Constitution of 1795

-"everybody else" group in the Estates General
-gained majority
-declared themselves the National Assembly
-started the French Revolution

-place where Louis XVI and family were stopped from fleeing France during French Revolution

-Arkwright
-roller frame
-water-powered sped up spinning process

-steam engine
-less likely to blow up

Apply "rules of modern revolutions" to the French Revolution