Photosynthesis

6CO₂ + 6H₂O ---light---> C₆H₁₂O₆ + 6O₂

B) endergonic

little pores on underside of leaf to help CO₂ to enter the plant stoma (plural version= stomata)

fleshy part of leaf

discs in chloroplasts filled with chlorophyll

fluid filling in chloroplast

Mesophyll tissue ---> cell ---> chloroplast ---> thylakoid ---> chlorophyll

• -Light reaction: use light energy to split water; make NADPH and ATP
• -Calvin Cycle: incorporate light reaction products; change CO₂ to G₃P to make glucose

electron carrier and coenzyme; NADP⁺ + H⁺ ---> NADPH

energy molecule

enzyme that makes ATP

3 carbon sugar used to make glucose (1/2 of glucose)

gain electrons

lose electrons

• Loses Electrons = Oxidation
• Gain Electrons = Reduction
• (both happen at same time)

in the thylakoid membrane

• 1) capture light energy with chlorophyll which excites an electron (released)
• 2) water splits to replace lost electron
• 3) excited electron passed down Electron Transport Chain (ETC)
• 4) create H⁺ gradient (active transport)
• 5) NADP⁺ accepts electrons to become NADPH
• 6) produce ATP (couple with H⁺ gradient with enzyme ATP synthase)

in the stroma

• 1) incorporate/fix CO₂
• 2) use up NADPH and ATP (donating electrons and energy)
• 3) make G₃P (3 carbon sugar = 1/2 of glucose)

they connect the light reaction with the Calvin cycle

a wasteful process occurring in hot, dry climates that produces no ATP or sugars

Stomata must close to avoid wilting; CO₂ decreases and O₂ increases

different arrangement of cells and different carbon molecules in Calvin cycle

examples: corn, sugarcane

different schedule, only open stomata at nighttime

examples: cactus, jade plants, pineapple