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3 types of blood vessels
arteries, veins, capillaries
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Arteries deff.
large blood vessel that carry blood away from the heart
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Arteroiles deff.
smaller branches of the arteries
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capillaries
smallest blood vessel
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veins
thin walls that carry blood towards the heart
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pulminary circulation
blood picks up oxygen and loses carbon dioxide
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pulminary artery - location
lung
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aorta
single artery in the body
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number of chambers in heart
4
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ventricles
lower chamber of the heart
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atria / atrium
upper chamber
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interatria septum
separates the two upper chambers
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interventricular septum
comes in between the two lower chambers
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endocardium
lines the interior of the heart
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myocardium
middle muscle layer of the heart wall; thickest layer
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two phases of heartbeats
diastole / systole
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heart facts
- 70-80 times per minute
- audible sounds (lubb-dubb)
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lubb
the closure of the tricuspid
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Dubb
the closure of the aortic valves at the end of systole
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Murmur -deff.
abnormal swishing
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Blood pressure instruament
spygmomanometer
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Pericardium
double-layered membrane surrounding the heart
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sinoatrial node (sa node)
pacemaker of the heart
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arrhythmias
abnormal heart rhythm
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bradychardia
failure of impulses from the SA node
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examples of cardiac arrhythmias
- bradychardia
- flutter
- fibrillation
- congenital heart disease
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flutter deff
rapid but regular contractions 300 beats per min .
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fibrillation
very rapid,random 350 beats per min.
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palpitation
uncomfortable sensations from irregular heart beats
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congenital heart disease- deff.
abnormaliteis in the heart at birth
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Congestive heart failure - deff and symp.
- heart is unable to pump the required amount of blood
- high blood preesure
- weakness
- difficult breathing
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Coronary artery disease
disease in the artery surrounding the heart
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endocarditis
inflammation of the inner lining of the heart
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hypertensive heart disease
high blood pressure
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mitral valve prolapse
improper closure of the mitral valve; pertaining to cistole
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rheumatic heart disease
caused by rheumatic fever
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aneurysm
widening of the arterial wall
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hypertension
high blood pressure
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essential hypertension
idiopathic (no identifiable cause)
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secondary hypertension
increase in pressure (example: salt)
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cardiac arrest
sudden unexpected stoppage of the heart action
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infraction
area of dead tissue
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lipid test
measurement of cholesterol and triglycerides
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lipoprotein electrophoresis
physically separated and measured in a blood sample
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angiograph
xray of blood vessles
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artiograph
xray of arteries
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doppler ultrasound studies
soundwaves
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echocardiography
echoes generated by high frequency soundwaves - produces images of the heart
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cardiac mri
radiowave energy and magnetic field
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cardiac catherization
flexible tube into the heart through vein
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electrocardiography
recording of electrical flow through heart
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stress test
exercise tolerant test
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chf
congestive heart failure
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ecg OR EKG
electro cardio graphy
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MVP
mitral valve prolapse
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alveolus
air sac in the lung
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bronchioles
smallest branch in the bronchi
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bronchus
branch of the trachea
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diaphragm
muscle separating the chest and abdomen
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epiglottis
cartridge that covers the larynx
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pleura
double folded membrane
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three divisions of the pharynx
- nasopharynx
- oropharynx
- laryngopharynx
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diaphragm - spell it
SPELL D I A P H R A G M
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dyspnea
difficulty breathing
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hyperpnea
excessive breathing
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auscultation
listening to the sounds in the body
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rales
crackles - heard during inhallation
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stridor
heard on inspiration in the pharynx or larynx
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wheezes
continuous whistling during breathing
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croup
viral infection of infants and children
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pertussis
whooping cough (mostly in children)
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asthma - def. and symptoms
- chronic disorder with airway obstruction
- dyspnea, wheezing and allergins
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treatments for asthma 4
anti-inflammatory, bronchiodilators, leukotriene blockers, trigger avoidances
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bronchiectasis
chronic infection with foul smelling puss
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chronic bronchitis
inflammation of the bronchi
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cystic fibrosis
inherited disorder of exocrin glands
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atelectasis
without expansion
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emphysema - example
- hyperinflation in the air sacs
- Example: cigarrette smoking
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pneumoconiosi
- caused by dust or coal
- asbestos
- silicosis
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pulminary abcess
large collection of puss
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pulminary edema
fluid in air sac
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pulminary embolism
a clot in the lung
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symptoms of tuberculosis
- cough
- weight loss
- night sweats
- henoptysis
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you
make me smile even when my head hurts
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pleural effusion
abnormal accumulation of fluid in the pleural space
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inflammation in the pleora - 2
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pneumothorax
collapsed lung
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palliative
relieving symptoms but not curing disease
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thoracentesis
surgical function to remove fluid from the pleural spaces
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copd
chronic obstruction pulminary disease
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uri
upper respiratory infection
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