plantphysmiddone.txt

• class; auxin, giberellins, cutokinins
• specific, abscisic acid
• molecules, ethylene gas

acidic acid chain, one aromatic ring,

throughout plant, highest conc in meri and growing tissue, synthesised in embryo and meristems

cell elongation, root initiation, roles in other random developmental shit.

base-> apex

• 2,4 - d (herbicide) stimulates growth elongation and its high energy requirement eventually kills plant
• and Napthalene(NAA) induces root growth and prevents fruit from abscission

• all have same 3 carbon ring skeleton
• role in flower and fruit development

synth in and found in; developing seed and fruit, young leaves and shoot apex, root apex

stem elongation(via cell wall expansion), break dormancy of buds and seeds, young plants elongation of cells same number of leaves and roots, if stem fully developed then nothing rly

GA cues plant to release from dormancy,,,bud or seed

synthesis of a-amylase in aleurone layer of seed,break down starch in endosperm,,which gets used for energy by seedling

• seedless fruit: spray flowers with GA at right time
• interferes with seed development

control sex expression in monoecious plants

perfect single flower with male and female organs

one sex per flower, multiple flowers per plant...can be gyno and andro if exposed to certain hormones such as auxin or GA

all female flowers

all male flowers

one sex perplant no exceptions

derivative of adenin, lots of nitrogen

synth in root, transport in xlem, high conc in immature seeds and developing fruit, delays senescence (aging)

stimulate cell division, active in most aspect of grwth and dvlpmnt

specific molecule no variant,

mature leaves, synth in cytoplasm of mesophyll cells(cntr of leaf)

storage protein synth during seed dvlpmnt,prevents germination,,,dormancy is a balance of ABA + GA, modulates water stress-close stomata to prevent water loss..

causes influx of Ca into cells, high conc in human brain.. involved in intracellular pathways it a conserved mech of evol

found throughout plant,especially in epidermis,seed coat,and senesing and ripening tissue,,,,synth in response to stress>including excess auxin

inhibits auxin synthesis,,inhibits elongation,promotes radial growth(thinkness),primary role is to promote flowering and fruit ripening

autocatalytic(positive feedback), control sex expression in monoecious plants>spraying w ethylene makes F flowers

4 c ring steroid hormon, found throughout

stimulate shoot elongation, ethylene production>which inhibits root grwth and dvlpmnt

protein stability, membrane permeability

seed germination, defense proteins (insect and disease resistant)

mitosis, growth, differentiation

auxins and cytokinins

cell proliferation occurs w auxins and CK

accumulation of cyclin D reuired to activate CDK , promotes transiton from G-synth

absence of either auxin or CK arrests cell in G1 or G2, remove either to create barrier

increase cell size, signal on tip sends down to dark side cells to grow,,,bend to light.

auxin increase the sensibility of cell wall, it decreases ph so atp actively transports H out of cell... (active expansion

indirect action between auxin and atpase..auxin receptors intiate a signal transduction mech

• initial rapid growth (first hour)
• need to add synthesis of of new wall units to avoid stretching to thin, small auxin upregulated RNAs(saurs gene),aux/iaa genes
• (10-60 minutes after auxin added)

shoots mostly, basipetally (apex to base,,,minimal acropetal) transports both ways.. not gravity induced...

ph gradient drives iaa uptake, polar iaa efflux ... gradient

apical dominance...high conc from apical bud dormants lateral buds...CK release buds from dormancy..

auxin and CK...

fert,embry dvlpmnt/endosperm formation, auxin and GA>cell enlargement/build nutrient reserve, maturation (aba) prep for dormancy.

seed germination while still in fruit

• imbibition
• (water uptake), embryo elongation (iaa) ga induced A-amylase (mobilize nut reserves), seed grows

taking up water.... seed dehydrate be4 formancy, take up water to grow.. some need to break coat inorder to absorb...

(need iaa) supplied from stores untill embry can produce its own

GA induced A-amylase, embry intiates seq of events

internodal elngation in stems, and it causes bolting...growth of stems as opposed to rosette just leaves...

threshold dependent...in stem growth its triggered by photoperiod and low temp

plant growth

auxin very low >root growth....mid inhibits root growth...higher> promotes initaiation of secondary roots...

• CK>auxin=shoot
• CKCK=auxin=callus

auxin only elong...auxin and CK divide and elongate

senescences of leaves and fruits

delay senescence

when scenescence/stress auxin leaves leaf this causes abcission layer...

auxin and ethylene female...GA male..

auxin or GA depends on species