-
Acer
- Red Maple
- hemolytic anemia
- blood transfusion
- equine
-
Allium
- onion, garlic
- 1-6d post ingestion
- hemolytic anemia, onion odor
- blood transfusion
- ddx: hemolytic dz
- cattle and horses, cats-S, sheep-R
-
Melilotus
- Sweet clover
- dicoumarol
- massive hemorrhage, icterus
- blood transfusion, vit K, avoid trauma
- ddx: warfarin, aflatoxin, mycotoxin
- cattle
-
Pteridium
- Bracken fern
- chronic exposure
- hemorrhage, bone marow dysfxn
- blood transfusion
- ddx: xrays, gamma rays, melilotus tox, anticoag rodenticide
- cattle
-
Asclepias
- milkweed
- cardenolides/bufadienolides (cardiac glycosides)
- graze during drought
- dec HR, trembling, falling, resp dep
- atropine, procainamide, propranolol, oral K, diazepam
- ruminants
-
Baileys
- Desert baileya
- acute
- rapid, pounding heart, audible without stethescope
- hemorrhage of viscera
- sheep
-
Datura
- Jimson weed, thornapple, moon/angel trumpet
- tropane alkaloid
- tachycardia, incoordination, paralysis, restlessness, muscular twitching, resp paralysis
- physostigmine
-
Kalanchoe
- Kalanchoe
- bufadienolides (cardiac glycoside)
- bradycardia, ataxia
- atropine, procainamide, propranolol, oral K, diazepam
- dogs
-
Nerium
- Oleander
- cardiac glycoside
- vomit, diarrhea, trembling, vasoconstriction, cold extremities, paralysis, cardiac dep
- atropine, procainamide, propranolol, oral K, diazepam
- equine-S, all
-
Taxus
- Yew
- Ca channel antagonist
- bradycardia, chicken fat clot in heart
- gastric lavage, atropine
- all, horses-S
-
Gossypium
- Cottonseed
- chronic ingestion, pulm abscess
- affects Hb, CHF, pulm edema, death, flabby heart
- monogastrics, immature ruminants, swine-S, cattle-R
-
Acute Bovine Pulmonary Edema and Emphysema
- Fog Fever
- 3-methyleneindolenine (L-tryptophan converted in rumen and then inhaled upon eructation)
- summer, autumn
- resp distress, salvation, frothy nasal discharge, bloat
- cattle >2yr, cow-calf
-
Astragalus emoryanus
- Emory milkvetch, red-stemmed peavine
- 3-NPOH
- good forage on tight soil, toxic on sandy soil
- labored breathing, posterior paresis, metHb
- axonal deg in spinal cord
- bovine, ovine, caprine
-
Astragalus, Oxytropis
- Locoweed
- Swainsonine
- hyperexcitable, impaired vision, emaciation, mannose accumulation, brisket dz
- CS reappear with stress
- cytoplasmic vacuoles in neurons
- horses(S) and cows- excitement, sheep- dep
-
Cynodon
- Coastal Bermuda Grass
- improved pastures
- pulm edema/emphysema, tremors, posterior paralysi, photoS
- cattle
-
Perilla
- Perilla mint, beefsteak plant
- perilla ketone
- pulm emphysema/edema, flabby heart
- equine, bovine
-
Aesculus
- Buckeye
- glycosidic saponin, narcotic alkaloid
- early spring
- GI irritation, staggering, dep
-
Brunfelsia
- Yesterday-today-tomorrow
- salivation, clonic-tonic convulsions
- phenobarb, empty stomach, fluids
- dogs
-
Centaurea
- Yellow star thistle, russian knapweed
- chronic exposure, habituation
- impaired eating and drinking, push head in water, unable to prehense food, wooden expression
- CN V, VII, XII
- necrosis of globus pallidus, substantia nigra, basal ganglia= equine nigropalladial encephalomalacia
- horses
-
Cicuta
- Spotted Water Hemlock
- acute 15-30 min
- salivation, tremors, convulsions, opisthotonus, teeth grinding, paralysis, resp failure
- young calves
-
Claviceps purpurea/cinerea/paspali
- a fungus on rye/tobosa/dallis
- LSD
- nervous and gangrenous (purpurea, cinera)
- nervous (paspali)
- necrosis of ear, loss of switch, line of demarcation on limbs, convulsions, thrmobus formation
- mow dallis grass
- ddx: milk fever, ketosis
- cattle
-
Conium
- Poison hemlock
- acute
- ataxia, bradycardia
-
Cycads
- Sago palm
- carcinogenic glycoside
- cattle- neuro
- dog- liver dz, icterus, anemia, dep, convulsion
-
Delphinium
- Larkspur
- acute, dead with plant in mouth, spring
- nervousness, staggering, hypersalivation, irregular tachycardia, resp paralysis, death
- antiarrhythmics (procainamide), sternal recumbancy
- cattle-S, sheep-R
-
Helenium amarum/microcephalum/hoopesii
- amarum- bitter taste in milk
- micro- most toxic
- hoopesii- spewing sickness
- sheep
- edema in rumen, omasal, abomasal wall
- ascites, hydrothorax
-
Hymenoxys odorata/richardsonii
- bitterweed, bitter rubberweed
- anorexia, dep, rumen stasis, regurgitation
- CN IX, XI, XII
- prevent with high natural protein diet
- sheep
-
Ipomoea
- Morning glory
- LSD
- hallucinations, resp dep
- humans
-
Iscoma
Eupatorium
- rayless goldenrod, white snakeroot
- tremetol- in milk
- fetlock knuckling, posterior paralysis, convulsions, elevated liver enzymes, icterus, photoS
- iscoma- cattle, horse
- eupatorium- goats
-
Kallstroemia
- Caltrops
- chronic
- knuckling of fetlocks, posterior paralysis, convulsions
- sheep- anterior paralysis
- congestion and hemorrhage
-
Karwinskia
- Coyotillo
- goat>sheep>cattle
- newly introduced animals
- unthrifty, dep, trembling, incoordination (limber leg), death
- demyelination of posterior spinal cord
- ddx: triaryl phosphate, tri ortho cresyl phosphate, guajillo tox
-
Acacia
- Guajillo
- drought conditions, chronic
- wobbles, limber leg, die from starvation or dehydration bc cannot move
- ddx: coyotillo, tri aryl phosphate, caltrops
- sheep, goat
-
Triaryl phosphate, tri ortho cresyl phosphate
- OP
- used in lubricants in oil field and feed mills
- chronic
- does not inhibit AChase
- rough hair coat, weakness, bloat, posterior paralysis
- demyelination
- ddx: coyotillo, guajillo, caltrops, haloxon, sorghum cystitis
- chicks-S, all
-
Lobelia
- indian tobacco, cardinal flower
- N-methyl piperidine
- ulcers in mouth, sleepy cow, anorexia
- ddx: vesicular dz, milk fever, nutritional dz
- cattle
-
Peganum
- Rue
- fetlock knuckling, acute death, chronic poor doer
- cattle
-
Equisetum
- Horsetail
- thiaminase
- chronic
- horse- like bracken fern but no bone marrow dysplasia
- cattle- lose condition and dec milk prod
-
Solanum dimidiatum
- potato weed, thread salve
- eat berries after frost
- crazy cow syndrome, seizures, opisthotonos, nystagmus, falling
- death- incidental
- degeneration of purkinje cells in cerebellum
-
Sophora
- mountain laurel, mescalbean, silk sophora
- must masticate seeds
- exercise induced signs, stiffening of limbs, muscle tremors, falling
- cattle- die
- sheep- recover
-
Vicia
- vetch
- glycosides, cyanide
- nervous, bellowing, convulsions, SQ swelling, alopecia
- dermatitis, rough hair coat, skin ulcers, granulomatous rxn
- ddx: arthropod inf, allergy, mycoses, photoS, rabies
-
Zygadenus
- deathcamas
- swine- vomit- no intox
- hypersalivation, frothy nasal discharge, vomit
- sheep, cattle, horses, chickens
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