Tox 1c

  1. Acer
    • Red Maple
    • hemolytic anemia
    • blood transfusion
    • equine
  2. Allium
    • onion, garlic
    • 1-6d post ingestion
    • hemolytic anemia, onion odor
    • blood transfusion
    • ddx: hemolytic dz
    • cattle and horses, cats-S, sheep-R
  3. Melilotus
    • Sweet clover
    • dicoumarol
    • massive hemorrhage, icterus
    • blood transfusion, vit K, avoid trauma
    • ddx: warfarin, aflatoxin, mycotoxin
    • cattle
  4. Pteridium
    • Bracken fern
    • chronic exposure
    • hemorrhage, bone marow dysfxn
    • blood transfusion
    • ddx: xrays, gamma rays, melilotus tox, anticoag rodenticide
    • cattle
  5. Asclepias
    • milkweed
    • cardenolides/bufadienolides (cardiac glycosides)
    • graze during drought
    • dec HR, trembling, falling, resp dep
    • atropine, procainamide, propranolol, oral K, diazepam
    • ruminants
  6. Baileys
    • Desert baileya
    • acute
    • rapid, pounding heart, audible without stethescope
    • hemorrhage of viscera
    • sheep
  7. Datura
    • Jimson weed, thornapple, moon/angel trumpet
    • tropane alkaloid
    • tachycardia, incoordination, paralysis, restlessness, muscular twitching, resp paralysis
    • physostigmine
  8. Kalanchoe
    • Kalanchoe
    • bufadienolides (cardiac glycoside)
    • bradycardia, ataxia
    • atropine, procainamide, propranolol, oral K, diazepam
    • dogs
  9. Nerium
    • Oleander
    • cardiac glycoside
    • vomit, diarrhea, trembling, vasoconstriction, cold extremities, paralysis, cardiac dep
    • atropine, procainamide, propranolol, oral K, diazepam
    • equine-S, all
  10. Taxus
    • Yew
    • Ca channel antagonist
    • bradycardia, chicken fat clot in heart
    • gastric lavage, atropine
    • all, horses-S
  11. Gossypium
    • Cottonseed
    • chronic ingestion, pulm abscess
    • affects Hb, CHF, pulm edema, death, flabby heart
    • monogastrics, immature ruminants, swine-S, cattle-R
  12. Acute Bovine Pulmonary Edema and Emphysema
    • Fog Fever
    • 3-methyleneindolenine (L-tryptophan converted in rumen and then inhaled upon eructation)
    • summer, autumn
    • resp distress, salvation, frothy nasal discharge, bloat
    • cattle >2yr, cow-calf
  13. Astragalus emoryanus
    • Emory milkvetch, red-stemmed peavine
    • 3-NPOH
    • good forage on tight soil, toxic on sandy soil
    • labored breathing, posterior paresis, metHb
    • axonal deg in spinal cord
    • bovine, ovine, caprine
  14. Astragalus, Oxytropis
    • Locoweed
    • Swainsonine
    • hyperexcitable, impaired vision, emaciation, mannose accumulation, brisket dz
    • CS reappear with stress
    • cytoplasmic vacuoles in neurons
    • horses(S) and cows- excitement, sheep- dep
  15. Cynodon
    • Coastal Bermuda Grass
    • improved pastures
    • pulm edema/emphysema, tremors, posterior paralysi, photoS
    • cattle
  16. Perilla
    • Perilla mint, beefsteak plant
    • perilla ketone
    • pulm emphysema/edema, flabby heart
    • equine, bovine
  17. Aesculus
    • Buckeye
    • glycosidic saponin, narcotic alkaloid
    • early spring
    • GI irritation, staggering, dep
  18. Brunfelsia
    • Yesterday-today-tomorrow
    • salivation, clonic-tonic convulsions
    • phenobarb, empty stomach, fluids
    • dogs
  19. Centaurea
    • Yellow star thistle, russian knapweed
    • chronic exposure, habituation
    • impaired eating and drinking, push head in water, unable to prehense food, wooden expression
    • CN V, VII, XII
    • necrosis of globus pallidus, substantia nigra, basal ganglia= equine nigropalladial encephalomalacia
    • horses
  20. Cicuta
    • Spotted Water Hemlock
    • acute 15-30 min
    • salivation, tremors, convulsions, opisthotonus, teeth grinding, paralysis, resp failure
    • young calves
  21. Claviceps purpurea/cinerea/paspali
    • a fungus on rye/tobosa/dallis
    • LSD
    • nervous and gangrenous (purpurea, cinera)
    • nervous (paspali)
    • necrosis of ear, loss of switch, line of demarcation on limbs, convulsions, thrmobus formation
    • mow dallis grass
    • ddx: milk fever, ketosis
    • cattle
  22. Conium
    • Poison hemlock
    • acute
    • ataxia, bradycardia
  23. Cycads
    • Sago palm
    • carcinogenic glycoside
    • cattle- neuro
    • dog- liver dz, icterus, anemia, dep, convulsion
  24. Delphinium
    • Larkspur
    • acute, dead with plant in mouth, spring
    • nervousness, staggering, hypersalivation, irregular tachycardia, resp paralysis, death
    • antiarrhythmics (procainamide), sternal recumbancy
    • cattle-S, sheep-R
  25. Helenium amarum/microcephalum/hoopesii
    • amarum- bitter taste in milk
    • micro- most toxic
    • hoopesii- spewing sickness
    • sheep
    • edema in rumen, omasal, abomasal wall
    • ascites, hydrothorax
  26. Hymenoxys odorata/richardsonii
    • bitterweed, bitter rubberweed
    • anorexia, dep, rumen stasis, regurgitation
    • CN IX, XI, XII
    • prevent with high natural protein diet
    • sheep
  27. Ipomoea
    • Morning glory
    • LSD
    • hallucinations, resp dep
    • humans
  28. Iscoma
    Eupatorium
    • rayless goldenrod, white snakeroot
    • tremetol- in milk
    • fetlock knuckling, posterior paralysis, convulsions, elevated liver enzymes, icterus, photoS
    • iscoma- cattle, horse
    • eupatorium- goats
  29. Kallstroemia
    • Caltrops
    • chronic
    • knuckling of fetlocks, posterior paralysis, convulsions
    • sheep- anterior paralysis
    • congestion and hemorrhage
  30. Karwinskia
    • Coyotillo
    • goat>sheep>cattle
    • newly introduced animals
    • unthrifty, dep, trembling, incoordination (limber leg), death
    • demyelination of posterior spinal cord
    • ddx: triaryl phosphate, tri ortho cresyl phosphate, guajillo tox
  31. Acacia
    • Guajillo
    • drought conditions, chronic
    • wobbles, limber leg, die from starvation or dehydration bc cannot move
    • ddx: coyotillo, tri aryl phosphate, caltrops
    • sheep, goat
  32. Triaryl phosphate, tri ortho cresyl phosphate
    • OP
    • used in lubricants in oil field and feed mills
    • chronic
    • does not inhibit AChase
    • rough hair coat, weakness, bloat, posterior paralysis
    • demyelination
    • ddx: coyotillo, guajillo, caltrops, haloxon, sorghum cystitis
    • chicks-S, all
  33. Lobelia
    • indian tobacco, cardinal flower
    • N-methyl piperidine
    • ulcers in mouth, sleepy cow, anorexia
    • ddx: vesicular dz, milk fever, nutritional dz
    • cattle
  34. Peganum
    • Rue
    • fetlock knuckling, acute death, chronic poor doer
    • cattle
  35. Equisetum
    • Horsetail
    • thiaminase
    • chronic
    • horse- like bracken fern but no bone marrow dysplasia
    • cattle- lose condition and dec milk prod
  36. Solanum dimidiatum
    • potato weed, thread salve
    • eat berries after frost
    • crazy cow syndrome, seizures, opisthotonos, nystagmus, falling
    • death- incidental
    • degeneration of purkinje cells in cerebellum
  37. Sophora
    • mountain laurel, mescalbean, silk sophora
    • must masticate seeds
    • exercise induced signs, stiffening of limbs, muscle tremors, falling
    • cattle- die
    • sheep- recover
  38. Vicia
    • vetch
    • glycosides, cyanide
    • nervous, bellowing, convulsions, SQ swelling, alopecia
    • dermatitis, rough hair coat, skin ulcers, granulomatous rxn
    • ddx: arthropod inf, allergy, mycoses, photoS, rabies
  39. Zygadenus
    • deathcamas
    • swine- vomit- no intox
    • hypersalivation, frothy nasal discharge, vomit
    • sheep, cattle, horses, chickens
Author
mayabug
ID
77343
Card Set
Tox 1c
Description
Tox 1c
Updated