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In 2008, persons from what five countries made up the bulk of immigrants into the US?
- Mexico
- Phillipines
- China
- Russia
- India
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What was the most frequent trait used to divide humans into catagories?
Why does it not represent a natural unit?
- skin color
- because natural units are identified by clusters of traits; groups would be different from each other in most other traits, but they are not.
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Skin color in Europe changes from light to dark from...
The frequancy of blood type B in Europe roughly decreases from...
- North to South
- East to West
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With respect to PTC non-tasting ans lactase deficency, West Africans are closest to...
With respect to sickle-cell animia, West-Africans are closest to...
- South American Indians
- Greeks
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What percent of variation is there on individual nucleotides within the human species?
What percent of difference do duplications and deletions account for?
Total difference within the species?
How much genetic code do humans share?
- 0.1% approx.
- 0.4%
- 0.5%
- 99.5%
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How much total genetic difference is there within the species?
How much difference is there between humans and chimpanzees?
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Where on the planet is the highest degree of of human genetic variation?
Why?
Why does that matter?
- In Africa
- Homo sapiens arose in Africa
- More time for diversity to devolop within the genome
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When may have migrations out of Africa begun?
100,000 years ago
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The study of the entire genome of a species.
genomics
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A group or block of nucleotides that arise through mutation in non-coding regions, and tend to be inherited together; markers
haplotype
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What genetic materials do genomicists focus on?
Why?
mitochondrial DNA & Y chromosome
they are not subject to recombination
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What have haplotypes enabled anthrpologists to do?
trace the origins and migrations of populations
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Do haplotype similarities and differences correspond well to phenotypic traits, such as skin color and hair type?
no.
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What percent of allelic variation occurs between continental groups?
Within continental groups?
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Name of the office that determines how federal agancies, including the United States Census Bureau, collect data on people's percieved ancestral affiliation.
Office of Management and Budget (OMB)
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Why would people who share a biologically invalid racial folk taxonomy have similar disease statistics?
Because they oftern share social behaviors, oppourtunities, diet, working conditions, and access to medical care.
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Hopi people have a high occurence of...
Why?
albinism
- because they are culturally selected for;
- belived to have special powers;
- stay at home and had lots of kids.
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Who developed the IQ test?
When?
Can a standardized test measure intelligence?
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The state or quality of having relevance only to the members of a specific cultural group.
culture-bound
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What are Howard Gardner's 6 seperate types of intelligence?
linguistic, musical, logical-mathmatical, spatial, bodily kinesthetic, personal
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What are Robert Sternberg's three kinds of intelligence?
- Contextual - selecting environment
- Experiential - based on old experiences
- Internal- ability to plan, monitor
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What are two plausible reasons why Europeans had agriculture?
- more domesticatable plants and animals to work with
- east-west axis made spred of the domesticated plants and animals possible (along the same latitude)
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