The temperature at which solid and liquid are in equilibirum.
Define: Boiling Point (BP)
The temperature at which a liquid and gas are in equilibrium.
Define: Sublimation
A solid state turning into a gas phase without going through a liquid state (dry ice).
Define: Bond Dissociation Energy
The amount of energy that must be supplied to break a bond and seperate atoms in an isolated gaseous molecule.
Define: Exergonic
A spontaneous reaction or process that releases free energy and has a negative "delta" G.
Define Endergonic
A nonspontaneous reaction or processs that absorbs free energy and has a positive "delta" G.
Define: Eact
The amount of energy needed for reactants to surmount the energy barrier to reaction. (determines reaction rate)
Define: Equilibrium
A state in which the rates of forward and reverse reactions are the same.
Define: Intermolecular Force
A force that acts between molecules and holds molecules close to one another.
Define: Dipole-Dipole Force
The attractive force between positive and negative ends of polar molecules (H2O).
Define: London Dispersion Force
The short-lived attractive force due to the constant motion of electrons within molecules. (H2).
Why is a Hydrogen Bond so strong?
Because when a hydrogen is attached to an O, N, or F atom, it can get EXTREMLY close to it increasing the forceful hold it has on it, allowing other molecules to get even closer.
What is Vapor Pressure?
The partial pressure of gas molecules in equilibrium with a liquid.
Whats a Ionic Solid?
A molecule whose constituent particles are ions. (sodium chloride)
Whats a Molecular Solid?
A solid who is held together through intermolecular forces. (ice, sucrose)
Whats a Covalent Network Solid?
Atoms which are linked together by covalent bonds into giant 3d arrays. Aka 1 very large molecule (diamonds, quartz)
Whats an Amorphous Solid?
A solid whose constituent particles are randomly arranged and have no orgered long-range structure. (glass)