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describe the method for determining efficacy of pharmacologic treatment for a respiratory disorder
- assessing the pts respirtory rate and qualities
- observing the facial color for cyanosis
- extrorla examination can be important to identify individuals with breathing difficulties
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what anatomical structures differentiate the upper respiratory tract from the LRT?
- upper-nasal cavity, nasopharynx, and larynx
- LRT-trachea, bronchi and lungs
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differentiate between the types of hypoxia. 4
- hypoxic hypoxia-oxygen fails to reach the blood of lungs
- stagnant hypoxia-failure to transport adequate oxygen to the tissues because of too little blood flow
- anemic hypoxia-too little hemoglobin in the blood to transport oxygen to the tissues
- histotoxic hypoxia-failure of the tissues to utilize oxygen even though adequate quantities are transported to them
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what is a serious problem of hypoxia
dyspnea-air hunger as a result of some respiratory abnormality, causing the blood to be hypoxic or even more often too much carbon dioxide collects in body fluids
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identify actions of each drug therapy for the common cold
- codeine-opiod antitussive
- guaifenesin-enhances output of respriatory tract fluid by reducing adhesivesness and surface tension of respiratory secretions
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describe the clinical implications for the common cold
viruses have incubation period of 1 to 4 days before symptoms begin to appear. actual shedding of virus usually precedes the onset of clincical symptoms by 1 to 2 days. WEAR A MASK and GLOVES
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identify the best management for allergic rhinitis
eliminate the responsible allergen
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identify actions of drugs used to manage allergic rhinitis. what are the side effects of these agents/
- antihistamines-drowsiness and dizziness
- decongestants-arrhythmias, hypertension and nervousness
- corticosteriods-epistaxis
- mast cell stabilizers
- anticholinergic agents
- nonsteroidal antiinflammatory agents
- leukotriene receptor antagonists
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what is the benefit of second generation antihistamines?
lack substantial anticholinergic and sedative properites
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list dental drug interactions with antihistamines
erythromycin, ketoconazole inhibit hepatic metabolism
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identify the actions of drugs used for vasomotor rhinitis and name a common adverse effect
- humidified air
- pseudoephedrine
- sprays can result in taste disturbances
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identify medical treamtne to manage symptoms of laryngitis
- acute-not talk or smoke to avoid irritating larynx (steam inhaltions, hot gargles and drinks to give relief) guaifenesin to remove viscous mucus
- chronic-steam inalations, gargling with warm salt water, rest voice no smoking or alcohol
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list diseases that affect the LRT
- asthma
- bronchitis
- emphysema
- chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)
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