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A drink is ___ beer, ____ wine, ____ of 80 proof spirit or ____ of 100 proof spirits.
- 12 oz (360ml) beer
- 4 oz (120ml, 1/2 wine glass) wine
- 1.5 oz (45ml) 80 proof
- 1 oz (30ml) 100 proof
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drinking too much alcohol can lead to...
- inc TG, BP, calorie
- heart failure
- stroke
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when __ and __ change, taste can change as well.
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pathophysiology of celiac disease.
intolerant to gluten (protein in rye, wheat, barley) so damage to intestinal villi and impair absorption of nutrients
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what serious conditions can celiac disease lead to?
- concomitant autoimmune disease
- certain malignancies of intestines.
- osteoporosis
- iron deficiency anemia etc.
- because of nutrient deficiency
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three brands of vitamin for celiac disease patients?
- need to be gluten free
- Theragram
- Centrum
- Nature Made
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how to manage for celiac disease?
- assess nutrient deficiency.
- iron, folate, B12 (until gluten free diet is stabilized and intestinal tract heals)
- fiber (Metamucil, Benefiber) - important b/c most gluten free diet are low in fiber
- BMD for newly diagnosed
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what is your diet tip for osteoporosis patients?
- decrease protein (b/c causes Ca loss)
- inc calcium and vit D intake (from diet)
- dec caffeine and alcohol
- weight bearing exercise
- rid of soft drink (b/c phosphorus)
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Calcium recommendation for men/pre-meno and post-meno?
- men and pre meno: 1200mg
- post meno: 1500mg
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you are vitamin D deficient if <___. how many units would be good?
- 30
- 400 or 600-800 units supplement
- give vitamin D3
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why avoid soft drink if osteoporosis?
b/c of phosphorus
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how to manage diet in parkinson's disease?
- keep diet well balanced.
- limit protein (b/c affect levodopa efficacy)
- avoid acidic, spicy, fatty food
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what is the diet recommendation for renal disease?
- limit sodium (excess fluid retention so inc BP)
- limit protein (b/c contribute to urea)
- limit potassium (b/c hyperkalemia)
- limit phosphorus (b/c hypercalcemia; peanut butter, cheese, sardine, beer, ice cream)
- limit fluid
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what food has a lot of phsphorus?
peanut butter, cheese, sardine, beer, ice cream
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explain ketogenic diet.
- for epilepsy patient (esp for children)
- high fat and low carb diet (4:1 or 3:1) to produce ketosis. small protein as well.
- document with urine test.
- hold food for 24h and if ketone in urine, introduce the diet.
- some GI disturbance b/c sudden change of diet.
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how to manage hyperemesis in pregnant women?
- you need adequate nutrition for your children.
- improve gastric motility to improve NV by....
- take small frequent meal
- take liquids 1 hr before and after meal.
- avoid fatty food and spicy meal.
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how to manage diet in monoamine oxidate inhibitor patients?
- avoid aged food
- leftover or unfresh protein food
- MSG, high level of caffeine (mimic tyramine)
- could eat cheese etc. after 14 days of d/c MAOi
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tyramine + MAOi can cause what problem?
- htn crisis
- headache, diarrhea, inc BP
- could cause death
- continue 3 wk beyond therapy
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what meds are MAOi?
- phenelzine
- selegiline
- isocarboxazide
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when is purine restricted diet used?
- uric acid stones
- gout patient
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what diet should you use for uric acid stone patients?
- purine restricted diet.
- avoid organ meat
- rid of alcohol
- inc fluid intake
- low purine intake
- low-mod fat
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pregnant women need extra ___ calories.
breast feeding women need extra __ calories.
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how to eat if you are breast feeding?
- maintain fluid
- extra calorie intake (500cal)
- continue pre-natal vitamins
- extra calcium!!! (1000mg)
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