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Define totipotent
A stem cell with the capacity to give rise to a complete organism (zygote)
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Define pluripotent
Stem cell with the capacity to give rise to all lineages
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1. Define multipotential progenitor cells
2. Define unipotential progenitor cells
1. Progenitor cells giving rise to several cell lineages - NOT TRUE STEM CELLS
2. Progenitor cells giving rise to a single cell type - NOT TRUE STEM CELLS
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1. What type of cells have high levels of CD34?
2. Low levels of CD34?
- 1. Primitive hematopoietic cells
- 2. Non stem cells AND extremely primitive stem cells
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1. What type of cells have high levels of HLA-DR?
2. Low levels of HLA-DR?
- 1. Cells with restricted potential
- 2. Stem cells
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Where are the following stem cells found?
1. Embryonic stem cells
2. Embryonic germ cells
3. Adult stem cells
- 1. Inner cell mass of blastocyst (totipotent)
- 2. Fetal germ tisues, and embryonal cells from adult testicular/ovarian carcinomas
- 3. Mature tissues - hematopoietic, mesenchymal, hepatic, neural
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Define therapeutic cloninc
Placement of nucleus from adult organism into enucleated oocyte to harvest stem cells
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What types of mediators influence hematopoiesis?
- Interleukins
- Chemokines (chemoattractants)
- Cytokines/growth factors
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What are stromal cells?
Support for hematopoietic environment
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Define cellular adhesion and ID its associated proteins
- Binding of a cell to another surface
- Integrins, Fibronectin
- Thrombospondin
- Hemonectin
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3 results of integrin binding
- Adhesion modulated by changes in cytoskeleton
- Up regulation of protein cascades
- Gene regulation (JAK/STAT)
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What are mesenchymal stem cells?
- Bone marrow stromal cells that are CD34 negative
- Differentiation defined by microenvironment
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What are cardiomyocytes?
- Muscle stem cells
- Potential to repair muscle defects, heart damage
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Where are liver stem cells located?
- Near portal tracts
- Can treat: cirrhosis of liver, in-born metabolism errors
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What are hemangioblasts?
- Primitive stem cell that develops into vascular system
- May give rise to hematopoietic stem cells
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Where are neural stem cells located?
Subependymal layers under lateral ventricles
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What are induced pluripotent stem cells?
- somatic cells with reversal of gene expression
- Dedifferentated - can be directed to new cell line
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