The flashcards below were created by user
jdonaldson
on FreezingBlue Flashcards.
-
True or False?
As blood flows through a central artery of the spleen, it next leads to various capillary beds located in the red pulp.
- False.
- Central arteries open into the red pulp.
-
What is the significance of central arteries opening directly into the red pulp?
- The velocity of blood flow slows dramatically.
- 1.) RBC's can be checked for repair
- 2.) Immunogens and transformed cells move slow enough for antibodies to bind
- Its a way to increase the odds of identification.
-
By IMS direction, a dendritic cell intercepts a bacteria in the spleen and places an IDP on its surface. To where will the dentritic cell relocate?
It will present the IDP to an appropriate TH0 in the PALS.
-
How long will it take for an APC to find an appropriate T-cell in the PALS of the spleen?
The rapid circulation of blood through the body (and therefore the spleen) means that one of the 6-20 appropriate T-cells for that epitope will be found very quickly, possibly within minutes.
-
Where will an activated TH2 cell within the spleens PALS migrate to find an appropriate B-cell?
The mantle layer of a follicle.
-
When activated B-cells within the spleen differentiate into plasma cells and memory cells, where do the plasma cells relocate and release their antibodies?
- The red pulp of the spleen.
- Although some bacteria infiltrated the white pulp and caused an immune response, most are still circulating the blood stream and therefore the red pulp.
-
True or False?
The slow rate of bloodflow through the red pulp of the spleen allows antibodies time to "attack" their target immunogens.
True.
-
What is the fate of an antibody molecule that is not used in the red pulp?
They enter circulation and attack their target immunogens throughout the body.
-
Antibodies of plasma cells derived from B-cells have a half-life of ________, while antibodies of plasma cells derived from memory cells have a half-life of________.
- 1.) 21 days
- 2.) Months to years
-
True or False?
The spleen swells to accomodate immune cell proliferation.
- False.
- Except for mononucleosis, the spleen does not swell, as the white pulp tubes have room to expand into the red pulp.
-
True or False?
The white pulp tubes can only accomodate one immune response at a time.
- False.
- Multiple tubes of white pulp can each handle an immune response of their own, meaning many responses can occur at any given time.
-
True or False?
A given lymph node will swell to accomodate immune cell proliferation.
True.
-
Which of the following cells is not phagocytic?
1.) Eosinophils
2.) Macrophages
3.) Dendritic cells
4.) Neutrophils
Dendritic cells.
-
Which of the following cells is not an APC and therefore can't initiate an immune response?
1.) B-cells
2.) Macrophages
3.) Dendritic cells
4.) Mast cells
Mast cells.
-
What term describes a dendritic cell that resides in the skin?
A langerhan cell.
-
True or False?
A lymph node is normally the size of a small pea and cannot swell in size.
- False.
- It can swell up to 5x in order to accommodate immune cell proliferation.
-
Whatever is in lymph will eventually make it to the spleen because lymphatic vessels drain into the vasculature at ___________.
The left and right subclavian veins.
-
How many afferent lymphatic vessels enter a lymph node? How many efferent lymphatic vessels leave?
- 5 afferent vessels.
- 1 efferent vessel.
-
If all materials in lymph ultimately make it to the vasculature (and thus the spleen), why do we need lymph nodes for additional filtration?
Lymph moves too slowly (by muscular massage).
-
What cells inhabit the following regions of a lymph node?
1.) Cortex follicles and germinal centers (of reticular connective tissue)
2.) Cortico-medullary region
3.) Medullla
4.) Medullary sinus
- 1.) Dendritic cells and B-cells
- 2.) TH0 cells
- 3.) Macrophages
- 4.) Plasma cells and CTL's
- * the presence of CTL's make lymph nodes a dual organ (for a humoral or cell mediated immune response).
-
True or False?
Lymph nodes, like the spleen, contain trabecular scaffolding.
- True.
- The trabecular vessels allow leakage of immunogens into the various nodal compartments.
-
How efficient are lymph nodes at filtration?
Almost 100% in dog studies.
-
What is the most understood type of MALT?
Peyer's patches.
-
Where are peyer's patches known to exist for certain?
The small intestine. M-cells of the patches form breaks in the absorptive microviliated simple columnar cells.
-
True or False?
Peyer's patches somehow attract potential immunogens to their site.
True.
-
True or False?
M-cells of peyer's patches destroy immunogens pulled from the small intestine.
- False.
- M-cells simply transcytose the immunogen into the peyer's patch, where dendrtic cells, T-cells, and B-cells reside.
-
True or False?
The various immune cells of a peyer's patch produce antibodies and even possibly CTL's.
- True.
- If an immunogen passes the mucous membrane of the SI, a peyer's patch can initiate an immune response at the point of entry.
-
True or False?
Peyer's patches are nearly 100% efficient at filtering immunogens from the small intestine.
- False.
- Since the SI's main function is absorption of nutrients from food, the peyer's patches must be dispersed through the lumen. Therefore, an immunogen can easily penetrate the mucous membrane where a patch does not exist. However, it will ultimately enter the bloodstream (innate defenses) and eventually the spleen (immune defenses).
-
Up until the 1970's, which immune organs were believed to be vestigial organs?
Adnoids, tonsils, and appendix.
-
Although certain drugs now exist to allow us to retain our adnoids, tonsils and/or appendix, why must some individuals still have them removed?
- 1.) They are immunologically incompetent to that immunogen (do not have the genetics to eliminate)
- 2.) Body cellular structures irreversibly bound the immunogens and an autoimmune response ensued.
|
|