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Ipratropium Bromide
Trade Name
Atrovent
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Ipratropium Bromide
Class
Bronchodilator
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Ipratropium Bromide
Mechanism of Action
Blocks the action of acetycholine at the parasympathetic sites in bronchial smooth muscle causing bronchodilitation
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Ipratropium Bromide
Indications
Used in bronchospasm especially associated with COPD, and emphysema
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Ipratropium Bromide
Contraindications
Hypersensitivity to atropine or its derivatives
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Ipratropium Bromide
Adverse Reactions
- Ipratropium is poorly absorbed from the lung, so systemic effects are rare.
- >10% CNS: Dizziness, Headache, Nervousness
- Respiratory: Cough 1-10%
- Cardiac: Hypotension, palpitations
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Ipratropium Bromide
Drug Interactions
- anticholinergic medications (can increase risk of side effects)
- acetylcholinesterase inhibitors (can make both medications less effective)
- pramlintide (another anticholinergic) (decreases gastric motility and increases the chance of related side effects, such as upset stomach, nausea, vomiting, or constipation)
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Ipratropium Bromide
How Supplied
- Nebulizing Ampule: 0.02% (2.5ml)
- Inhaler: 18mcg/actuation
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Ipratropium Bromide
Dosage and Administration
Adult
- 2-3 puffs via metered dose inhaler (MDI) tid-qid; maximum 12 puffs/day.
- ALT: 500mcg NEBq 6-8hrs (may mix neb solution with Albuterol if used within 1 hour)
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Ipratropium Bromide
Dosage and Administration
Pediatric
- < 12 yo: 1-2 puffs (MDI) tid-qid; max: 8 puffs
- ALT: 250mcg NEBq 6-8hrs (may mix neb solution with Albuterol if used within 1 hour)
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Ipratropium Bromide
Duration of Action
- Onset: 1-3 minutes after administration
- Peak effects: Within 1.5-2 hours
- Duration of Action: Up to 4-6 hours
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Ipratropium Bromide
Special Considerations
Pregnancy safety: Category B
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