Nursing II (Test III)

*H1 antagonist; blocks action of histamine at the H1 receptor site
* Have 3 properties
- Antihistaminic
- Anticholinergic
- Sedative

-Used for the management of symptoms from nasal allergies, allergic rhinitis, motion sickness, parkinsons, sleep disorders, common cold
-Peripheral and Central acting
-(Benadryl and Clor-trimaton)

-Controls symptoms of allergies, common cold, allergic rhinitis
-Longer duration
-Peripheral acting
-Non drowsy
-(Claritin, Allegra, Zyrtec)

-Prolonged effects
-Less potent than topical
-No rebound congestion
-(Sudafed)

-Prompt onset
-Potent
-Causes rebound congestion

-Takes a few weeks to kick in
-Flonase

-Constrict small blood vessles
-Mucous membranes better able to drain
-Nasal stuffiness is relieved

Nervousness/Insomnia/Palpitations/Tremors

-Used to stop or reduce coughing
-Used only for a NON productive cough
-Hydrocodone;Robitussin AC

-Aids in the removal of mucus by thinning it
-Drink with 8oz of fluid
-Guaifenesin (N/V, gastric irrit)
-Iodinated glycerol (GI irrit, rash, elarged thyroid gland)
-Potassim Iodide ( N/V, taste alteration)

-Used during acute asthma attacks
-Quickly reduces airway constriction and restores normal airflow

Three types
-Non-Selective adrenergics (epinepherine;insomnia,restlessness, anorexia,tremor)
-Non-Selective B-adrenergics (alupent; cardiac stimulation, anginal pain, hypotension)
-Selective B2 adrenergics (Albuterol(Xopenex); hypotension, vascular headache,tremor)
*must take exactly as prescribed,get prompt tx for the flu,take measures to promote good health, and monitor for adverse effects

-Used to prevent bronchoconstriction by stopping ACh from binding
-Slow and prolonged action
- Atrovent/Spiriva (dry mouth,nasal cong, heart palp, GI distress, H/A, coughing, anxiety)

-Plant alkaloids, caffeine, thoebromine, thoephylline
-Synthetic xanthines: aminophylline,dyphylline, oxitriphylline
-smooth muscle dilation, bronchodilation, and increased air flow

-Used in tx of asthma, chronic bronchitis, and emphysema
-Adjunct drug in management of COPD
-Adverse Effects; N/V, anorexia,GERD during sleep, sinus tach, palpitations

-Singulair, Zyflo
-Also called LRTAs; newer class of asthma med
-prevents leukotrienes from attatching to receptors on cells in the lungs and in circulation

-Prevention and Tx of asthma in adults and children over 12
-NOT for acute asthma attacks
-Improvement seen in 1 wk

-Antiinflammatory
-Used for Chronic asthma NOT attacks
-May take several wks to kick in

-Flovent, Flonase
-NOT first choice for acute attacks of asthma
-Must rinse mouth after to prevent oral fungal infection
-Adverse effects; dry mouth, cough, oral fungal infections

-Taken 0-15 min before meal
-Onset 5-15 min
-Novalog, Humalog

(pneumonic: logs travel down the rapids)

-Taken 30-45 min before meals
-Onset 30-60 min
-Only insulin that can be given IV Bolus, IV infus, insulin pump
-Humulin R, Novolin R

-NPH, Humulin N, Novolin N

- Lantus
-Injected once a day in the AM or PM
-Steady and continuous; no peak
-CANNOT be mixed

-Do not heat/freeze-avoiding sunlight exposure
-In-use Vials may be left at room temp for 4 wks (Lantus only 28 days)
-Extra should be refrigerated

-Fastest absorbtion from abd
-Rotate inj withine one site(like a checker board)
-Dont inject into area to be exersised
-1ml = 100 Units

-Continuous SC infusion for tight control of glucose inserted in abd wall

-Exubera
-Rapid acting dry powder
-not recommended for asthma pts

-Used in Type II
-Works on Insulin resistance, decreased insulin production, increased hepatic glucose
-NOT insulin

-Squeezes pancreas to spit out more insulin
-Used in Type II
-Cant take if allergic to sulfa
-Adverse effects; nausea, fullness, hypoglycemia, heartburn
-Allergic cross-sensitivity with loop-diuretics and sulfonamide antibiotic
-Glucotrol, Amaryl

-dont take if meal is skipped
-take 30 min before meal
-Adverse effects; headache, dizziness, weight gain, joint pain, upper resp infect, flu like symptoms
-Prandin, Starlix

-Decreases production of glucose by liver
-Does not promote weight gain
-Stop 2 days before dye tests
-Adverse effects; diarrhea, abd bloating, cramping
-Metformin, glucophage

-"insulin sensitizing drugs"
-moderate weight gain, edema, mild anemia
-Actos, Avandia

-Should have liver function tests done
-Must take with the FIRST bite of each meal
-Adverse effects; flatulence, diarrhea, abd pain
-Precose, glyset

-Turns urine Orange/Red
-Used to tx or precent TB

-Mimics the incretin hormones
-Given by SC
-Cant use with insulin
-ONLY for type II

Regular or Rapid acting insulin first