-
Infection
An invasion / growth of microorganisms in human body that cause disease
-
Pathogens
- Disease causing microorganisms
- Viruses, bacteria, fungi, protists, helminths, & prions
-
Nosocomial
- Health care associated infection
- Infections contracted by patients during hospital stay
- Common - hospital personel failure infection control (hand washing)
-
Chain of Infection
3 Primary Elements
- Source, means of transmision, susceptible host
- Also have -
- Portal of exit (leaves source)
- Portal of entry (gets in host)
-
Fomite
Contaminated object
-
Reservoir
Carry infection and transmit without being sick
-
Means of Transmition (5)
- Contact Direct / Indirect
- Droplet
- Airborne
- Vector
- Common Vehicle
-
#1 Break Chain of Infection
Wash hands
-
Standard Precautions
- Infection control using barriers
- Hand hygiene, PPE, Isolation
- All fluids infectious
-
Hand Washing
- Wet hands, apply soap, scrub vigorously
- Rinse hands downward, dry hands thoroughly
- Turn off faucet with new dry paper towel
-
Donning PPE
- Gown
- Mask
- Goggle / Shield
- Gloves over gown cuffs
-
Remove PPE
- Gloves
- Goggles / Shield
- Gown
- Mask outside room
- Hand Hygiene
-
Blood Borne Pathogen Standard
- Employer must have written plan
- Must provide PPE
- All body fluids infectious
- Must provide Hep B vaccination free
- Free medical followups for accidental exposure
- Provide education and safety training
- HIV /HBV training
- Biohazards identified
- Written cleaning schedule
- Maintain records of occupational exposure and training sessions
-
Isolation
Separation of infection source from susceptible host (break chain of infection)
-
TB Isolation
- Requires negative pressure air (air flows in not out)
- Air exits outside or recirculated through HEPA filter
-
Positive Air Pressure
Air flows out not in
-
Isolation Precautions
- Only take in what you need
- Only specimen comes out in bio container
-
Isolation Tier 1
Normal everyday precautions
-
Isolation Tier 2
- Expanded precautions
- Highly transmissionable pathogens / skin transferable
- Airborne - measles, vericella, TB (respirator)
- Droplet - meningitis, pneumonia, sepsis, pertussis (mask)
- Contact - diphtheria, herpes, conjunctivitis, (gloves, gown)
-
Blood Borne
- Infection carried in blood / body fluids / tissues
- Hep B stable up to 7 days in dry blood
-
Blood Borne Pathogens
- Hep B, C, D
- HIV
- HTLV
- Syphilis
- Maleria
- Babesiosis
- Co. Tick Fever
-
Blood Borne Labels
- All blood and fluids labeled with bio label
- Medical waste in bio red bag
- Sharps in shaps containers
-
Lab Coat
- Considered contaminated
- Dont leave lab
-
Atherosclerosis
Artery clog, blocked
-
Arteriosclerosis
Artery hardening
|
|
