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paired glands covering the superior surface of the kidneys; made up of the adrenal cortex, which secretes steroids, and the adrenal medulla, which secretes epinephrine and norepinephrine

insulin and oral hypoglycemics

hormones produced by the adrenal cortex; they have anti-inflammatory action and suppress the immune reaction

hypothyroidism occurring in infancy and childhood

most common pancreatic disorder, characterized by an inability to use carbohydrates; insulin production is ineffective or not available

unconsciousness caused by too little insulin accompanied by increased caloric intake, physical or emotional stress, or undiagnosed diabetes mellitus; also known as diabetic ketoacidosis

specialized epithelial tissue that secretes hormones

hormone secreted by the pancreas that raises the level of blood sugar; counteracts effects of insulin

adrenal corticosteroids that regulate the metabolism of carbohydrates and fats by body cells and have an anti-inflammatory effect

form of glucose stored in the liver or muscles for release as the body needs it

glucose in the urine

chemical substance secreted by glands that regulates many body functions; each hormone has specific functions

actual increase in the number of cells

disorder caused by an increase and sustained release of thyroid hormones

disorder caused by an increase and sustained release of thyroid hormones

portion of the pituitary gland linked to the brain; controls many body functions such as temperature, sleep, and appetite

disorder caused by a decrease in circulating thyroid hormones

naturally occurring hormone secreted by the beta cells in the islets of Langerhans in the pancreas in response to increased blood glucose levels

mineral needed by the thyroid to produce thyroxine

made up of beta cells that secrete insulin and alpha cells that secrete glucagon

acidosis caused by a surplus of fatty acids (ketones) in the bloodstream; a complication of diabetes mellitus

the rate at which cells produce energy such as heat and muscle strength

hormone secreted by the adrenal cortex that maintains normal blood volume and promotes sodium and water retention and urinary excretion of potassium

severe and longstanding hypothyroidism; the term is often used synonymously with hypothyroidism

drugs that stimulate the beta cells of the pancreas to secrete insulin

hormone secreted by the parathyroids; regulates the calcium content of the bloodstream

four glands located behind the thyroid; secrete parathormone

gland at the base of the brain, known as the master gland, that regulates many body activities and stimulates other glands to secrete their own hormones

gland at the base of the brain, known as the master gland, that regulates many body activities and stimulates other glands to secrete their own hormones

excessive thirst

excessive hunger

excessive urination

growth hormone secreted by the pituitary gland

muscle spasms caused by lack of calcium in the bloodstream

gland below the larynx that produces, stores, and releases thyroid hormone

hormone secreted by the thyroid gland; regulates the speed of metabolism in body cells

disorder wherein there is an inability to metabolize carbohydrates as a result of insulin deficiency; insulin must be given for treatment

usually affects individuals who are obese and over the age of 35; insulin may be part of treatment