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What is the FM for map reading and land navigation?
FM 3-25.26
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What are the basic colors of the map and what does each color represent?
· Black: man-made features, ie. Roads
- · Red-Brown: All relief features and elevation,
- contour lines on red light-readable maps
· Blue: water features
· Green: significant vegetation
- · Brown: all relief features and elevation,
- contour lines on older edition maps
- · Red: classifies cultural features such as
- populated areas or main roads
- Other: special information
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What are military symbols?
Figures used to represent types of military instillations, organizations and activities.
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Where is the legend of the map found?
Lower left margin
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What are contour lines?
Lines on a map connecting ground of equal elevation.
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What are 3 types of contour lines?
· Index
· Intermediate
- Supplementary
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How many mils are in one degree?
17.7
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How many norths are there on a military map?
· True north
· Magnetic north
- Grid north
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What shape are the contour lines that indicate a hill?
The contour lines form concentric circles, with the smallest circle representing the top
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What shape are the contour lines that indicate a saddle?
Hourglass
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What shape are the contour lines that indicate a valley?
U-shaped or V-shaped
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What shape are the contour lines that indicate a ridge?
U-shaped or V-Shaped, with closed end pointing away from high ground
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What shape are the contour lines that indicate a depression?
Closed contour lines with tick marks pointing to low ground.
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What shape are contour lines indicating a draw?
U-shaped or V-shaped, pointing to high ground
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What shape are contour lines that indicate a spur?
U-shaped or V-shapes, pointing away from high ground
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What shape are contour lines that indicate a cliff?
Lines that are very close together
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What shape are contour lines that indicate a cut?
Contour line extending the length of the cut, with tick marks to the road bed.
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What shape are contour lines that indicate a fill?
Contour lines extending the length of the fill, with tick marks pointing to low ground.
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What must be done to a map before it can be used?
Has to be oriented
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What are 5 major terrain features found on a map?
· Hill
· Valley
· Ridge
· Saddle
- Depression
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What are 3 minor terrain features found on a map?
· Spur
· Draw
- Cliff
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What are the 2 supplementary terrain features found on a map?
· Cut
· Fill
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What is a map?
A topographical view of a portion of the earth’s surface drawn to scale.
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What is an azimuth?
A horizontal angle, measured clockwise from a north base line, expressing direction.
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What is vertical distance?
Distance between highest and lowest points measured.
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What is a contour interval?
Vertical distance between adjacent contour lines.
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What is the distance between grid lines on a combat map?
1 kilometer or 1000 meters
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How many mils are in a circle?
6400
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Which north is used when using a military map?
Grid north when using a map, magnetic north when using a compass.
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How would you hold a lensatic compass?
Away from metal, level and firm
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Name 2 ways to hold a compass?
· Center hold method
· Compass to cheek method
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Are topographic symbols drawn to scale?
No
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What do topographic symbols represent?
Man-made and natural features
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In military symbols, what colors are used for a map overlay and what do they represent?
· Blue: friendly forces
· Red: enemy forces
· Black: boundaries
· Yellow: contaminated areas
· Green: engineer obstacles
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What is back azimuth?
180 degrees from the azimuth
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How do you figure out a back azimuth?
180 degrees from the azimuth
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What is a declination diagram?
Show the angular relationship between the 3 norths.
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What is the general rule for reading military grid coordinates?
Right and up
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How many sights does a compass have?
2
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What is a benchmark?
Man-made marker showing points of elevation.
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What are parallels of latitude?
Measured distance north or south of the equator.
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What is an aerial photograph?
Any photo taken from an aerial vehicle.
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What does UTM stand for?
Universal Transverse Mercator
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The lensatic compass has a bezel ring; each bezel ring click is equal to how many degrees?
3
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How many times would the bezel ring click if it were fully rotated?
120
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Large cities on a map are represented by what color?
Black
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Name 2 ways to orient a map?
- Compass
- Terrain association
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What is the FM for Operational Terms and Graphics?
FM 1-02
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The arrow on a compass always points what direction?
Magnetic north
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What does the term FLOT mean?
Forward line of troops
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What are the alternate colors on a map and what do they mean?
· Grey: alternate for brown
· Yellow: built up areas
· Pink: political boundaries
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What is longitude?
Imaginary lines running north to south.
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What is a topographic map?
Shows terrain and land forms in measurable ways as well as horizontal features of the positions represented.
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What is a small-scale map?
1:1,000,000 scale or smaller, used for general planning a strategic study, large area little detail.
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What is medium scale map?
1:1,000,000- 1:75,000 scale, used for operational planning, moderate detail .
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What is a large-scale map?
1:75,000 or larger, used for tactical, administrative and logistical planning
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What does the term intersection mean?
Finding an unknown point by citing 2 or more know points.
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Why is a map so important?
Gives accurate locations, distances, heights as well as key terrain features, and concealment info.
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What does the term resection mean?
Method of locating one’s position on a map by determining the grid azimuth to at least 2 well defined locations that can be pinpointed on a map.
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If you find a symbol on a map that is unknown to you, where would you look?
Marginal data
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How many scales are on a compass, what are they?
· Degrees
· Mils
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What are the 4 quadrants on a map?
· North east
· North west
· South east
· South west
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What are the 3 elements for a land navigation process known as Dead Reckoning?
· Known starting point
· Known distance
· Known azimuth
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What is the feature that makes the lensatic compass work well at night?
The dials and needles illuminate
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What is a polar coordinate?
Locating an unknown point using an azimuth and distance from a known starting point.
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What is the name of the map system the US uses?
UTM
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On a lensatic compass there are 2 rings, an outer black ring and an inner red ring, what are they used for?
· Red: degrees
· Black: mils
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Name 3 field expedient methods of determining direction?
· Shadow-tip method
· North star method
· Watch method
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What is a contour level?
Vertical distance between contour lines.
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The boarder around the edge of the map is called what?
Neat line
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Name the different slopes found on a map?
· Gentle
· Steep
· Concave
- Convex
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You must find at least how many known locations on a map and the actual ground in order to plot your location accurately?
At least 2
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What are the 3 main map sizes?
Small, medium, large
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What are 2 methods of measuring an azimuth?
Compass and protractor
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How close will an 8 digit grid get you to your point?
10 meters
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How close will a 6 digit grid coordinate get you to your point?
100 meters
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What would you use on a map to measure actual ground distance?
The bar scale
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