destroying part of the brain and evaluating the animals subsaequent behavior; the functions can no longer be preformed in the region that abilation occured
Lesion
a wound or injury; lesion=experimental abilation
____ within the brain preform ____, not behaviors
circuts, functions
can one brain region or neural circut souley be responsible for behavior
no
Excitotoxic lesion
a method of producing brain lesions; intracerebral injection of an excitatory amino acid, such as kainic acid
Sham lesion
a method of produciong brain lesions; placebo procedure that duplicates all procedures of a brain lesion except for the step that actually causes the damage to the brain
Radio frequency
energy
Stereotaxic surgury
Brain surgury using a stereotaxic apparatus to position an electrode in a specified position of the brain
Stereotaxic atlas
a collection of drawings of sections of the brain of a particular animal with measurements that provide coordinates for the stereotaxic surgury
hostological methods as it pertains to brain lesions
they often miss the mark
scanning electron microscope
provides 3d information about the shape of the surface of a small object
Anterograde labeling method
a histological method that labels the axon and terminal buttons or neurons whose cell bodies are located in a particular region
PHA-L
a protein derived from kidney beans and used as an anterograde tracer; taken up by dendrites and cell bodies and carried to the ends of the axons
Immunocytochemical method
they take advantage of the immune reaction; a histological method; antibodies bond with a dye molecule to indicate the presense of particular proteins of peptides
retrograde labeling method
a histological method that labels cell bodies that give rise to the terminal buttons that form synapses with cells in a particular region
flurogold
retrograde labeling dye that is taken up by the terminal buttons and then carried back to the cell bodies
Brain functions involve activity of circuts of _____; thus, diffrent perceptiona and behavioral rsponses involve diffrent ____ __ _______ in the brain
neurons, patterns of activity
EEG
an electrical brain potential recorded by placing electrodes on the scalp; record electrical patterns of electrical activity
MEG
a procedure that detects groups of synchronously activated neurons by means of the magnetic field induced by their electrical activity; ueses an array od SQUIDs
Microelectrode
A very fine electrode, generally used to record activity of individual neurons
Single-unit recording
recording of the eectrical activity of a single neuron
macroelectrode
an electrode used to record the electrical activity of large numbers of neurons in a particular region of the brain
Functional imaging
a computerized method of detecting metabolic or chemical changes in particular regions of the brain
PET scan
a functional imaging method; reveals the localization of radioactive tracer in a living brain