A. our knowledge of the univers comes through our senses
b. we can discover basic laws of the universe through pure reason
c. a rigid experimental method s needed to acquire knowledge of the universe
d. knowledge of the universe ultimately rests upon authority
Empiricism is the view that
a. our knowledge of the univers comes through our senses
b. we can discover basic laws of the universe through pure reason
c. a rigid experimental method s needed to acquire knowledge of the universe
d. knowledge of the universe ultimately rests upon authority
a. our knowledge of the univers comes through our senses
b. we can discover basic laws of the universe through pure reason
c. a rigid experimental method s needed to acquire knowledge of the universe
d. knowledge of the universe ultimately rests upon authority
European thought during the 17th century A.D., like that of the 4th century B.C. Greece, was marked by
a. stability and widespread social acceptance
b. simplicity and lack of imagination
c. staleness and stagnation
d. change, uncertainty, and perilousness
a. stability and widespread social acceptance
b. simplicity and lack of imagination
c. staleness and stagnation
d. change, uncertainty, and perilousness
Geometry proved an ideal model for rationalistic thought since it
a. yielded truths that appeared indisputable and certain
b. was only known by a select few researchers
c. relied only upon experience for its axioms
d. was discovered by a Greek
a. yielded truths that appeared indisputable and certain
b. was only known by a select few researchers
c. relied only upon experience for its axioms
d. was discovered by a Greek
Descartes uses the example of the was to demonstrate that
a. ideas ultimately arise within experience
b. some innate ideas are acquired from experience
c. he could not be certain he was awake or dreaming
d. we know physical or material objects through an intuition
a. ideas ultimately arise within experience
b. some innate ideas are acquired from experience
c. he could not be certain he was awake or dreaming
d. we know physical or material objects through an intuition
Rationalists prefer mathematics and logic since these yield
a. contingent truths
b. personal truths
c. necessary truths
d. historical truths
a. contingent truths
b. personal truths
c. necessary truths
d. historical truths
Most _____ believe that that basic principles of logic and math are innate.
a. rationalists
b. empiricists
c. philosophers
d. mathematicians
a. rationalists
b. empiricists
c. philosophers
d. mathematicians
Truths based upon experience are said to be
a. contingent truths
b. personal truths
c. necessary truths
d. historical truths
a. contingent truths
b. personal truths
c. necessary truths
d. historical truths
According to many rationalists, the only properties of an object that are objective are its
a. mathematical properties
b. visual properties
c. acquired properties
d. cultural properties
a. mathematical properties
b. visual properties
c. acquired properties
d. cultural properties
Innate ideas are traditionally regarded as those ideas that we
D. acquire through experience
b. have independent of experience
c. acquire on legitimate authority
d. acquire through our culture and upbringing
According to Plato, learning is best understood as
a. being filled with ideas
b. rote memorzation of new ideas
c. remembering ideas one already possesses
d. acquiring new ideas through the work of others
a. being filled with ideas
b. rote memorzation of new ideas
c. remembering ideas one already possesses
d. acquiring new ideas through the work of others
In Plato's dialogue, The Meno, Socrates has a slave boy solve
D. a puzzle about the nature of justice
b. a mathematical problem
c. a dispute over the nature of a fair wage
d. the problem of freedom and slavery
Leibniz's example of veins in a block of marble marking out he figure of Hercules was an attempt to illustrate the nature of
a. Greek mythology in modern European culture
b. the evolution of sculpture in European history
c. the nature of innate ideas
d. the power of empiricism
a. Greek mythology in modern European culture
b. the evolution of sculpture in European history
c. the nature of innate ideas
d. the power of empiricism
T or F:
Plato and Descartes were rationalists.
True
T or F:
Descartes's assumed that "some evil genius not less powerfiul than deceitful, has employed his whole energies in deceiving me."
True
T or F:
Most of the rationalists felt that the basic principles of logic and math could not be innate ideas in us
False
T or F:
In the Meno, Socrates claims that ideas about geometry are remembered and must have been acquired at some time before we were born.
True
T or F:
Leibniz completely rejected the theory of innate ideas
False
False Memory Syndrome & recovered memories
believing fiction to be your past, making it up based on tales of others.
recovered memories are those memories suppressed until something triggers the memory of it
Rationalism
the view that the mind has "innate" idea or powers and that by means of this knowledge, matters of fact or reality can be had independent of sensory input.
Perception
the processes of seeing, hearing, smelling, touching, and tasting; an observation made through these processes.
A Priori
pertaining to knowledge whose possession is logically prior to experience; reasoning based on such knowledge
Rene Descartes
- the role doubt / skepticism / example of the melting candle
- clear and distinct ideas
- innate ideas
- "I think therefore I am"
-was unsure of what he could call a definite truth - wax viewed perceptively changes. we must know other truths about the wax
- there are no clear, dinstinct ideas
- ideas present in mind since birth, but unobtrusively
Empiricism is the view that
a. the mind has certain ideas innately
b. innate ideas are abstract entities
c. all lefitimate ideas come from authority
d. sense experience is the source of ideas
a. the mind has certain ideas innately
b. innate ideas are abstract entities
c. all lefitimate ideas come from authority
d. sense experience is the source of ideas
According to John Locke, which of the following is a simple idea?
A. a chair
b. a color
c. a blade of grass
d. a single apple
According to John Locke, which of teh following is a comples idea?
a. intense heat
b. powerful pleasure
c. a single desk
d. the color yellow
a. intense heat
b. powerful pleasure
c. a single desk
d. the color yellow
According to Locke's empiricism, there is a gap between
C. simple ideas and complex ideas
b. ideas and the material objects they are supposed copies of
c. causes and their effects
d. religion and justice
For George Berkeley, material objects
a. are what science studies
b. can only be known indirectly
c. are rare and difficult to know
d. do not exist
a. are what science studies
b. can only be known indirectly
c. are rare and difficult to know
d. do not exist
George Berkeley argues that an object is
a. a something; I know not what
b. a material thing
c. always an illusion
d. a collection of ideas
a. a something; I know not what
b. a material thing
c. always an illusion
d. a collection of ideas
According to David Hume, ideas are distinguished from impressions by
A. ideas being real while impressions are not
b. impressions having more force and vivacity
c. impressions being copies of ideas
d. ideas being one and all complex
David Hume argues that causality was
a. the constant conjuction between distinct events
b. the necessary relationship between a cause and its effect
c. the universal and eternal relationsip between natural events
d. the mortar between events, as divinely designed
a. the constant conjuction between distinct events
b. the necessary relationship between a cause and its effect
c. the universal and eternal relationsip between natural events
d. the mortar between events, as divinely designed
Our belief in an external, material world is, for Hume, the result of
a. a rational analysis of the nature of a sense impreession
b. a rational analysis of the nature of an idea
c. a very likely cause given its effect, which is our experience
d. custom and habit
a. a rational analysis of the nature of a sense impreession
b. a rational analysis of the nature of an idea
c. a very likely cause given its effect, which is our experience
d. custom and habit
According to some contemporary philosophers, traditional empiricism resulted in skepticism because it treated experience or sensation as
C. only being about the external world and not our internal world
b.being "inside us," or occurring in some "inner theatre" of our mind
c. a confused form of thinking
d. requiring innate ideas
According to a contemporary empiricist like W.V. Quine, we learn the meanings of a language by
a. correctly labeling ideas in our mind
b. getting the correct label on specific objects in the world
c. observing people's behaviors in specific situations while specific words are uttered
d. studying dictionaries early in life
a. correctly labeling ideas in our mind
b. getting the correct label on specific objects in the world
c. observing people's behaviors in specific situations while specific words are uttered
d. studying dictionaries early in life
A. occasion sentence
B. not an occasion sentence
I am answering a question in this booklet
A. occasion sentence
A. occasion sentence
B. not an occasion sentence
Force equals mass times acceleration
B not an occasion sentence
A. occasion sentence
B. not an occasion sentence
My pen is out of ink
A occasion sentence
A. occasion sentence
B. not an occasion sentence
The sum of the interior angles of a triangle equals 180 degrees
B not an occasion sentence
A. occasion sentence
B. not an occasion sentence
This page is rectangular
A occasion sentece
T or F
Empiricism is the belief that all knowledge about the world comes from or is based ont eh senses.
True
T or F
The British empiricists were Locke, Berkely, and Hume.
True
T or F
Locke's primary qualities include color and smell, and his secondary qualities include size and shape
False
T or F
Berkely denied that there are houses, books, trees, and cats
False
T or F
Contemporary philosopher Barry Stroud argues that we have no way of checking to see what the real world might be like.
True
Empiricism
the position that knowledge has its origins in and derives all of its content from experience
a posteriori
pertaining to knowledge that is empirically verifiable; based on inductive reasoning from what is experienced
John Locke
- blank slate
- primary and secondary qualities
- sense data
- only experience can fill the "blank slate" no universal ideas
- primary (measureable) qualities such as weight, size and shape are really "in" the objects we perceive. secondary qualities such as colors, tastes and sounds are not "in" the objects we perceive but are sensations in us that objects cause us to have.Primary quality experiences are reliable indicators of the outside world
- images or sensory impressions
George Berkeley
- solipsism
- "to be is to be perceived"
- God as the ultimate "perceiver"
an extreme form of subjective idealism, contending that only I exist and that everything else is a product of my subjective consciousness. (Berkely disagreed - God exists and He produces the sensations in my mind)
David Hume
- Radical Skepticism
- Perceptions/Impressions/Ideas
- Cause & effect unknowable
Perceptions - contents of mind that are reduced to those given by sense and experience (take form in impressions and ideas. i.e. the pain you feel from hammering your thumb is an impression, the memory of what you felt is an idea)
cause and effect is circular reasoning. we can only rely on past experience if the future will be like the past, but past experience is the only basis for thinking the future will be like the past
Immanuel Kant attempted to phiosophically prove that
a. empiricism was more tenable that rationalism
b. rationsalism was more tenable than empiricism
c. a synthesis between empiricim and rationalism
d. a sythesis between empiricism and rationalsim was necessary
a. empiricism was more tenable that rationalism
b. rationsalism was more tenable than empiricism
c. a synthesis between empiricim and rationalism
d. a sythesis between empiricism and rationalsim was necessary
According to Kant
a. our mind shapes the world
b. the world shapes our mind
c. our culture shapes our mind
d. our personalities give each of us our own special world
a. our mind shapes the world
b. the world shapes our mind
c. our culture shapes our mind
d. our personalities give each of us our own special world
In Kant's view our mind provides
a. structure
b. content
c. structure and content
d. neither structure nor content
a. structure
b. content
c. structure and content
d. neither structure nor content
Kant argued that a criterion for discovering teh formal structuring components of experience is
B. a culture's religious concepts
b. the a priori nature of some concepts
c. the a posteriori nature of some concepts
d. the personal importance of some concepts to an individual
To solve David Hume's skepticism regarding anyone ever proving that our experience of objectsthemselves outside or beyond experience, Kant made
a. it apparent that all of Hume's skeptical arguments were written when Hume was only in his 20s
b. all of our ideas innate
c. the mind more of a tabula rasa than Locke
d. objects conform to our expereince
a. it apparent that all of Hume's skeptical arguments were written when Hume was only in his 20s
b. all of our ideas innate
c. the mind more of a tabula rasa than Locke
d. objects conform to our expereince
In Kant's view, the senses provide us with
a. the content but not the structure of experience
b. the structure but not the content of experience
c. insight into the nature of the thing-in-itself
d. only confused thinking and should nto be trusted at all
a. the content but not the structure of experience
b. the structure but not the content of experience
c. insight into the nature of the thing-in-itself
d. only confused thinking and should nto be trusted at all
According to Kant, what remains beyondour understanding is
a. the moral law
b. an answer to Hume's skepticism regarding causality
c. the ding an sich, or the thing-in-itself
d. the formal structure of ordinary experience
a. the moral law
b. an answer to Hume's skepticism regarding causality
c. the ding an sich, or the thing-in-itself
d. the formal structure of ordinary experience
A part of the traditional meaning of a priori is being
a. necessary
b. skeptical
c. contigent
d. sacred
a. necessary
b. skeptical
c. contigent
d. sacred
According to some critics of Kant's views, his a priori concepts are actually relativized to
a. age
b. gender
c. race
d. language
a. age
b. gender
c. race
d. language
Kant's philosophy is most closely identified with the
C. Romantic age
b. Age of Enlightenment
c. Age of Uncertainty
d. Age of Anxiety
For Wilhelm von Humboldt, a language embodies a
a. meaning for labeling our ideas
b. strictly a priori universal structure
c. weltanshaung d. Koyannisqatsi
a. meaning for labeling our ideas
b. strictly a priori universal structure
c. weltanshaung
d. Koyannisqatsi
T or F
Kant rejected the view of knowledge now called transcendental idealism
False
T or F
According to Kant, we need only reason, and not the sense, to know anything about the world around us
False
T or F
Kant's revolutionary claim that the world must conform to the mind is often referred to as the Copernican revoution in knowledge
True
T or F
The romantic philosopher Wilhelm von Humboldt vehemently denied that we construct the world according to the categories of our language that we happen to use
False
T or F
The Sapir-Whorf hypothesis says that the structure of a language determines how a speaker of that language thinks
True
Transcendental idealism
in epistemology, the view that the form of our knowledge of reality derives form reason but its content comes from our senses
knowledge as constructed
our knowledge begins with the senses (epmiricism) but the mind is a source of knowledge of universal laws (rationalists)
"noumenal" vs. "phenomenal" worlds
we perceive only the world as it has been constructed by the mind out of its sensations (the phenomena)
we do not perceive the world as it is in itself (the noumena)
Romantics on emotion and language as shaping how we know the world (von Humboldt)
the mind constructs reality, but it does so not according to rational structures but according to its history, culture and language
Francis Bacon advocated a method of science
A. requiring specific hypotheses to be falsifiable
B. Requiring scientific hypotheses to be inductively accepted authority
C. requiring scientifc hypotheses to be inductively inferred from a collection of facts
D. in which paradigms serve to define acceptable
methodology
A. requiring specific hypotheses to be falsifiable
B. Requiring scientific hypotheses to be inductively accepted authority
C. requiring scientifc hypotheses to be inductively inferred from a collection of facts
D. in which paradigms serve to define acceptablemethodology
An individual model of scientific method places a strong emphasis upon
A. initial observation or collection of facts
B. Attemptimg to disprove or refute a hypothesis
C. Guaranteeing that one's work is in line wtih the overall scientific community's work
D. the mathmatical description of a hypothesis
A. initial observation or collection of facts
B. Attemptimg to disprove or refute a hypothesis
C. Guaranteeing that one's work is in line wtih the overall scientific community's work
D. the mathmatical description of a hypothesis
The inductivist model seems to make the role of the scientist too
B. active
B. passive
C. lucky
D. secular
According to Immanuel Kant, a scientist should approach nature as a
A. pupil
B. neophyte
C. tape recorder
D. judge
A. pupil
B. neophyte
C. tape recorder
D. judge
Karl Popper advocated a method of science
A. requiring scientific hypotheses to be falsifiable
B. requiring scientific hypotheses to be based upon accepted authority
C. requiring scientific hypotheses to be inductively inferred from a collection of facts
D. in which paradigms serve to define acceptable methodology
A. requiring scientific hypotheses to be falsifiable
B. requiring scientific hypotheses to be based upon accepted authority
C. requiring scientific hypotheses to be inductively inferred from a collection of facts
D. in which paradigms serve to define acceptable methodology
Thomas Kuhn advocated a method of science
A. requiring scientific hypotheses to be falsifiable
B. requiring scientific hypotheses to be based upon accepted authority
C. requiring scientific hypotheses to be inductively inferred from a collection of facts
D. in which paradigms serve to define acceptable methodology
A. requiring scientific hypotheses to be falsifiable
B. requiring scientific hypotheses to be based upon accepted authority
C. requiring scientific hypotheses to be inductively inferred from a collection of facts
D. in which paradigms serve to define acceptable methodology
A. paradigm shifts
B. not paradigm shifts
Copernicus's heliocentric theory of the solar system versus the geocentric theory
A. paradigm shifts
A. paradigm shifts
B. not paradigm shifts
Darwin's theory of evolution versus the theory of creationism
A. paradigm shifts
A. paradigm shifts
B. not paradigm shifts
The discovery of a gene for Alzheimer's disease
B. Not paradigm shifts
A. paradigm shifts
B. not paradigm shifts
The discovery that the universe is cloeser to 15 billion than 12 billion years old
B. Not paradigm shifts
According to Thomas Kuhn, normal science occurs when scientists
A. are not having to deal with erratic funding sources
B. are not having to deal with theories like astrology or phrenology
C. work out the various details of the dominant paradigm
D. go about their business setting up reputable experiments and controlling all of the pertinent variables
A. are not having to deal with erratic funding sources
B. are not having to deal with theories like astrology or phrenology
C. work out the various details of the dominant paradigm
D. go about their business setting up reputable experiments and controlling all of the pertinent variables
If scientific paradigms are genuinely incommensurable then
A. progress in science may be an illusion
B. progress in science is real
C. the insights of a scientific paradigm constitute insight into the ultimate nature of reality
D. only the social sciences mark progress
A. progress in science may be an illusion
B. progress in science is real
C. the insights of a scientific paradigm constitute insight into the ultimate nature of reality
D. only the social sciences mark progress
T or F:
Francis Bacon and John Stuart Mill claimed that induction is the primary tool of the scientific method.
True
T or F:
The way that Gregor Mendel developed his laws of heredity is a good example of inductionism
True
T or F:
William Whewell, an opponent of Mill, claimed that great scientific advances occur when scientists make a creative guess or hypothesis
True
T or F:
According to Kant, the mark of science is that it tries to disprove or falsify proposed theories
False
T or F:
Kuhn claims that scientists often continue to hold on to a theory even if some observations show up that do not fit into the theory.
True
Inductive Reason
(induction) - the process of reasoning to probable explanations or judgments
Karl Popper (falsifiability)
Popper agreed that scientific theories are not mere generalizations from experience, but claimed scientific hypotheses must be capable of being falsified through empirical observation.
Hypothesis
in general, an assumption, statement, or theory of explanation, the truth of which is under investigation
Scientific method (3 characteristics)
1) it is based on sense observation and rationality
2) it relies on the inductive method for its low-level laws
3) it proceeds by formulating hypotheses that can guide research
4) that are falsifiable
5) and that are widely accepted in the community of scientists and
6) its theories are accurate, consistent with other accepted theories, broad, simple and fruitful
pseudoscience (characteristics)
grab-bag theories (tabloids)
Thomas Kuhn (paradigms, revolutions)
argued that science is a social activity in which a community of scientists accept a "paradigm" consisting of theories and methods of discovery and proff, which are periodically overturned by scietific revolutions that establish new paradigms
Frances Bacon
(unlike many contemporaries) refused to simply accept without question the views of nature handed down fromthe ancient Greeks
should investigate nature by careful observation and experimentation
Two theories of truth discussed in this episode were
A. empiricism and rationalism
B. empiricism and transcendetal idealism
C. corresponedce and coherence
D. Conceptual and categorical
A. empiricism and rationalism
B. empiricism and transcendetal idealism
C. corresponedce and coherence
D. Conceptual and categorical
According to the correspondence theory of truth, a true belief or statement
A. accurately reports some aspect of reality
B. fits in with other beliefs or statements
C. has some usefulness or reliability
D. is indubitable
A. accurately reports some aspect of reality
B. fits in with other beliefs or statements
C. has some usefulness or reliability
D. is indubitable
According to the coherence theory of truth, a true belief or statement
A. accurately reports some aspect of reality
B. fits in with other beliefs or statements
C. has someusefulness or reliability
D. is indubitable
According to the pragmatic theory of truth, a true belief or statement
A. accurately reports some aspect of reality
B. fits in with other beliefs or statements
C. has someusefulness or reliability
D. is indubitable
A. accurately reports some aspect of reality
B. fits in with other beliefs or statements
C. has some usefulness or reliability
D. is indubitable
Scientific realists tend to adopt the
A. correspondence theory of truth
B. coherence theory of truth
C. pragmatic theory of truth
A. correspondence theory of truth
B. coherence theory of truth
C. pragmatic theory of truth
Conceptual relativism is a version of
C. correspondence theory of truth
B. coherence theory of truth
C. pragmatic theory of truth
Instrumentalism is a version of
A. correspondence theory of truth
B. coherence theory of truth
C. pragmatic theory of truth
A. correspondence theory of truth
B. coherence theory of truth
C. pragmatic theory of truth
Albert Einstein took a/an
A. realist's view of the truth in science
B. consensus theorist's view of truth in science
C. instrumentalist's view of truth in science
A. realist's view of the truth in science
B. consensus theorist's view of truth in science
C. instrumentalist's view of truth in science
Neils Bohr took a/an
A. realist's view of the truth in science
B. consensus theorist's view of truth in science
C. instrumentalist's view of truth in science
A. realist's view of the truth in science
B. consensus theorist's view of truth in science
C. instrumentalist's view of truth in science
Karl Popper took a/an
A. realist's view of the truth in science
B. consensus theorist's view of truth in science
C. instrumentalist's view of truth in science
A. realist's view of the truth in science
B. consensus theorist's view of truth in science
C. instrumentalist's view of truth in science
Thomas Kuhn took a/an
A. realist's view of the truth in science
B. consensus theorist's view of truth in science
C. instrumentalist's view of truth in science
Quantum mechanics is the study of
A. galaxies and black holes
B. gravitation as it is effected by huge bodies like out sun
C. effects upon space and time as one approximates the speed of light
D. the very small such as the structure of atoms and subatomic particles
A. galaxies and black holes
B. gravitation as it is effected by huge bodies like out sun
C. effects upon space and time as one approximates the speed of light
D. the very small such as the structure of atoms and subatomic particles
T or F
Modern phiosopher Bertrand Russell held that a statement is true if it corresponds to reality
True
T or F
The correspondence theory has problems explaining what a fact is
True
T or F
According to the coherence throy of truth, a statement is true if it is consistent with other statements that we regard as true
True
T or F
The instrumentalist view of scientific truth is based on the correspondence theory of truth
False
T or F
The realist view of scientific truth holds that true scientific theories correspond to the way the world is
True
Correspondence Theory
(Bertrand Russell)
theory contending that truth is an agreement between a proposition and a fact
(a sentence corresponds to a fact when the relations among the words or constituents of the sentence mirror the relations among the terms or parts of a fact)
Coherence Theory
(Brand Blanshard)
theory contending that truth is a property of a related group of consistent statements
(we can verify a statement only by using other statemtents)
Instrumentalist View
in epistemology, the view that scientific theories can be true only in the sense that they enable us accurately to predict what will happen and that any unobservable entities postulated by the theory do not literally exist
Realistic View
the view that scientific theories are literally true or false and that the unobservable entities postulate in a scientific theory really exist if the theory is true
Conceptualist Relativist View
the view that a true scientific theory is nothing more than a theory that coheres with the conceptual framework accepted by a community of scientists
Pragmatic Theory- of truth
(Pierce, Dewey, James)
there are no absolute and unchanging truths; a statement is true if it is useful to believe - that is, if it aids us individually or collectively in the struggle for survival, if it passes the tests of science or if it meets the need and intersets of our human nature
Hermeneutics is the branch of philosophy which focuses upon
A. ultimate nature of reality
B. theories of knowledge
C. issues and problems regarding interpretation
D. issues and problems regarding the distribution of social goods
A. ultimate nature of reality
B. theories of knowledge
C. issues and problems regarding interpretation
D. issues and problems regarding the distribution of social goods
Hermeneutics gets its name from
C. Hermits who wrote the Dead Sea Scrolls
B. Hermes, the messenger god
C. Hermenes, the ancient poet of Zybos
D. the research method of hermeneology
Historically, an alternatice method of interpretation as opposed to a literal interpretation of the Bible was
A. divine interpretation
B. secular interpretation
C. antithetical interpretaion
D. allegorical interpretation
A. divine interpretation
B. secular interpretation
C. antithetical interpretaion
D. allegorical interpretation
The story of Persephone is told here to illustrate
A. divine interpretation
B. secular interpretation
C. antithetical interpretaion
D. allegorical interpretation
A. divine interpretation
B. secular interpretation
C. antithetical interpretaion
D. allegorical interpretation
Martin Luther's conflict with the Catholic church was in part the result of
A. Martin Luther's low pay as a parish priest
B. the Church's lack of support for Luther's planned cathedral in Wittenberg
C. disagreements over interpretations of the Bible
D. an apparently rigged election, which kept Luther from becoming Pope
A. Martin Luther's low pay as a parish priest
B. the Church's lack of support for Luther's planned cathedral in Wittenberg
C. disagreements over interpretations of the Bible
D. an apparently rigged election, which kept Luther from becoming Pope
Friedrich Schleiermacher claimed that to correctly interpret a text, one must
A. know the text's historical context
B. simply find some personal meaning in the work
C. look to the theme of the work
D. understand how informed, educated people react to the work
A. know the text's historical context
B. simply find some personal meaning in the work
C. look to the theme of the work
D. understand how informed, educated people react to the work
Willhelm Dilthey's work is most closely associate with that of
A. Aristotle
B. Hans-George Gadamer
C. Paul Recoeur
D. Friedrich Schleiermacher
A. Aristotle
B. Hans-George Gadamer
C. Paul Recoeur
D. Friedrich Schleiermacher
To know an artist's intention, Dilthey claimed you must
A. almost relive or re-enact the artist's life
B. actually give up the idea of being able to kow an artist's actual intention
C. study the wrok of art itself very closely
D. find the allegorical meaning in a work of art
A. almost relive or re-enact the artist's life
B. actually give up the idea of being able to kow an artist's actual intention
C. study the wrok of art itself very closely
D. find the allegorical meaning in a work of art
Hans-George Gadamer emphasized
the
A. need for objective interpretations
B. need to find an artist's true intentions
C. ever present subjectivity in all interpretations
D. lack of intention in speaking a language
A. need for objective interpretations
B. need to find an artist's true intentions
C. ever present subjectivity in all interpretations
D. lack of intention in speaking a language
Historically, one method attempted for avoiding misunderstanding in interpretation was
A. the creation of an ideal language
B. universal literacy
C. requiring people to spek more than one language
D. having every educated person learn Latin
A. the creation of an ideal language
B. universal literacy
C. requiring people to speak more than one language
D. having every educated person learn Latin
Witgenstein's early work claimed that the ideal language
A. would clearly or exactly represent reality
B. would be formal and mathematical
C. would be essentially religious
D. was a fiction since language is much too complex
A. would clearly or exactly represent reality
B. would be formal and mathematical
C. would be essentially religious
D. was a fiction since language is much too complex
Wittgenstein's later view of language is most clearly capture in the notion of language
A. as a picture
B. as emotional expression
C. labeling ideas
D. as a game
A. as a picture
B. as emotional expression
C. labeling ideas
D. as a game
T or F
The question of whether interpretations are true is important when trying to find out what the Constitution requires
True
T or F
Thomas Aquinas claimed that biblical texts have only a literal meaning
False
T or F
Schleiermacher and Dilthey embraced the correspondence theory of truth
True
T or F
Wittgenstein's early theory of an ideal language accepted the coherence theory of truth
False
T or F
According to Gadamer, the true interpretation of a text is the one that best cohere with both the prejudices of our own culture and what we believe the text meant in its own culture
