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urinary tract antiseptic
inhibit the growth of bacteria in the the urine
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urinary tract antiseptics side effects
- Sensitivity to light
- Skin- pruritis, and rash
- Seizures increased intracranial pressure
- Blood- Leukopenia,thrombocytopenia, angioedema
- Nitrofurantoin may discolor urine brown; this is not harmful and will disappear after drug is discontinued
-
urinary tract antiseptic intervention
- photo sensitivity hence advice patient to stay in door or wear long sleeve cloth that will cover the body
- Take medication with food or milk to decrease
- GI upset
- Check renal and hepatic function before administering
- Check urine pH before administration
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urinary tract antiseptics contrainticated
- Patient who are hypersensitive to the medication
- patient with megaloblastic anemia and folate deficiency
- Renal disease
- Liver disease
- Seizure disorders
- Avoid alkalizing fluids such as milk, fruit juices, or sodium bicarbonate that can make the urine alkaline
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Antispsmodics
An antispasmodic is a drug that suppresses spasms.
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Antispsmodic side effect
- Skin- hence can lead to heat stroke/exhaustion in hot weather
- rapid heart beat
- Urine retention
- Urticaria Leukopenia
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Antispsmodic patient teaching
- Because of decrease sweating-Instruct patient to be less physically active in hot weather
- Do not use antispasmodics if patient suffer from Glaucoma or urine retention.
- Drowsiness and blurred vision may occur; do
- not operate machinery or drive a car
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URINARY ANALGESIC
local anesthetic effect on urinary tract mucosa Used to relieve pain with urinary tract infections or irritation
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Phenazopyridine (Pyridium)
a chemical which, when secreted into the urine, has a local analgesic effect
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Phenazopyridine (Pyridium) Side/adverse effects
- Causes a distinct color change in the urine
- Nephrotoxic and hepatotoxic
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Phenazopyridine (Pyridium) Nursing Teaching
- Notify provider if yellowing of the eyes occur
- May be used with antibiotics and should be discontinued after 2 days of antibiotic
- Ensure renal and hepatic function
- before use
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CHOLINERGIC AGENT
They stimulate smooth muscle of the bladder (detrusor) to contract, which increases bladder tone and ability to initiate micturition (voiding).
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Bethanechol chloride side effect
- On heart- Hypotension, dizziness, and fainting orthostatic hypotension
- On gland-increase secretion of the gland
- Flushing and sweating
- Increased salivation
- Increase tears from tear gland-lacrimation
- GIT-increase peristalsis activities
- Abdominal cramps
- Nausea ,vomiting and Diarrhea
- Bladder-Urinary urgency
- Respiratory- Broncho-constriction leading
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Bethanechol chloride nursing intervention
- Give oral dose on empty stomach
- Alternate route is subcutaneous
- Keep atropine sulfate available as an antidote
- Change positions slowly, especially from lying to standing. Do not stand in one place for long periods, and lie down at first sign of faintness
- Use caution in activities to maintain safety because of risk of blurred vision
- Monitor for 1 hour after subcutaneous dose for early signs of overdosage
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Contraindications of cholinergic drugs
- mechanical obstruction of GI or urinary tracts,
- peptic ulcer disease
- COPD
- bradycardia
- parkinsonism
- hypotension
- av blockers
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HEMATOPOIETIC GROWTH FACTOR
- Used to stimulate red blood cell (RBC) production
- treat anemia of chronic renal failure
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HEMATOPOIETIC GROWTH FACTOR Administration considerations
- Do not shake solution
- Use only one dose per vial
- epoetin may be given undiluted by direct IV as a bolus
- dose or during hemodialysis
- Rotate injection sites if given subcutaneously to
- minimize irritation
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HEMATOPOIETIC GROWTH FACTOR
Side/adverse effects
- Hypertension Headache
- seizure
-
hematopoietic nursing intervention
- Blood pressure may rise during early therapy
- Monitor for hypertension during period of increasing Hct
- Additional heparin may be needed during dialysis
- Headache is a common adverse effect
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MEDICATIONS TO PREVENT ORGAN REJECTION
Cyclosporine
-
Cyclosporine (Neoral)
- An immunosuppressant that prevent the body from
- rejecting the transplanted organ
-
Cyclosporine (Neoral) Side effect
Risk of infection – due to immunosuppressive action
-
Cyclosporine (Neoral) Nursing Intervention
- Oral administration is preferred
- Blood levels should be monitored frequently
- Administer prednisone concurrently
- Instruct client to monitor for signs of infection
- Avoid drinking grapefruit juice, which can raise cyclosporine levels, thus increasing risk of toxicity
- Mix concentrated medication solution with milk, chocolate milk, or orange juice just before administration
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