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ALBUTEROL
- Trade Name: Proventil, Ventolin
- Class: Sympathomimetic Bronchodilator
- Des: Synthetic Sympathomimetic
- Causes ->
- 1. Bronchodilatation
- 2. Less cardiac effect than epinephrine
- Reduces ->
- 1. Mucus secretion
- 2. Pulmonary capillary leaking
- 3. Edema in the lungs during allergic reactions.
- Ind: Bronchospasm and asthma in COPD
- CI: Hypersensitivity to the drug.
- PC: tachycardia, anxiety, nausea, cough, wheezing, and/or dizziness
- Dose: 2.5 mg in 2.5 to 3 mL NS via
- nebulizer, repeat as needed. The duration of effect is 3 to 6 hours.
- Ped: 0.15 mg/kg in 2.5 to 3 mL NS via
- nebulizer, repeat as needed.
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IPRATROPIUM
- NAME/CLASS: Atrovent/Anticholinergic
- DES: bronchodilator for respiratory emergencies that causes bronchial dilation & dries respiratory tract secretions by blocking acetylcholine reseptors.
- IND: bronchospasm associated w/ asthma, COPD & inhaled irritants.
- CI: hypersensitivity to atropine or its derivs, or as a primary treatement for acute bronchospasm, nut allergy.
- PC: elderly, cardiovascular disease & hypertension
- DOSE:
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CHLORDIAZEPOXIDE
- NAME/CLASS: librium/sedative, hypnotic
- DES: benzodiazepine derivative that produces mild sedation & antivonvulsant, skeletal lmuscle relaxant & prolonged hypnotic effects.
- IND: anxiety(severe) & tension, acute alcohol withdrawal symptoms (DTs)
- CI: hypersensitivity to benzodiazepines, pregnant & nursing mothers, children under 6.
- PC: primary depressive disorders or psychosis, acute alcholol intoxication.
- DOSE: 50-100 mg IV/IM
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DIPHENYDRAMINE
- NAME/CLASS: benadryl/antihistamine
- DES: blocks histamine release, thereby reducing bronchoconstriction, vasodilation & edema.
- IND: anaphylaxis, allergic reations & dystonic reactions.
- CI: asthma & other lower respiratory diseases
- PC: may induce hypotension, headache, palpitations, tachycardia, sedation, drowsiness & or disturbed coordination.
- DOSE: 25-50 mg IV/IM
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FENTANYL
- NAME/CLASS: sublimaze/narcotic analgesic
- DES: potent synthetic narcotic analgesic similar to morphie & meperidine with more rapid & less prolonged action.
- IND: induce sedation for endotracheal intubation
- CI: MAO inhibitors w/in 14 days, myasthenia gravis.
- PC: increased ICP, elderly, debilitated, COPD, respiratory problems, hepatic & renaly insufficiency.
- DOSE: 25-100 mcg slowly IV (2-3 min). Ped: 2 mcg/kg slow IV/IM.
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LORAZEPAM
- NAME/CLASS: ativan/sedative
- DES: most potent benzodiazepine available. strong antianxity, hypnotic & skeletal muscle relaxant properties. relatively short half life.
- IND: sedation for cardioversion & status epilepticus.
- CI: sensitivity to benzodiazepines
- PC: narrow-angle glucoma, depression or psychosis, coma, shock, acute alcohol intoxication, renal or hepatic impairment, organic brain syndrome, myasthenia gravis, GI disorders, elderly, debilitated, limited pulmonary reserve.
- DOSE: sedation: 2-4 mg IM, 0.5-2 mg IV Ped: 0.03-0.5 mg/kg IV/IM/PR up to 4mg | status epilepticus: 2 mg slow IV/PR (2mg/min) Ped: 0.1 mg/kg slow IV/PR (2-5 min)
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METOCLOPRAMIDE
- NAME/CLASS: reglan/antiemetic
- DES: dopamine antagonist similar to procainamide but w/ few antidysrhythmic or anesthetic properties. antiemetic properties stem form rapid gastric emptying and desensitization of the vomiting reflex.
- IND: nausea & vomiting
- CI: hypersensitivity, allergy to sulfite agents, seizure disorders, pheochromocytoma, mechanical GI obstruction or perforation, & breast cancer.
- PC: CHF, hypokalemia, renal impairment, GI hemorrhage, intermittent porphyria.
- DOSE: 10-20 mg IM; 10 mg slow IV (over 1-2 min). Ped 1-2 mg/kg.
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MORPHINE SULFATE
- NAME/CLASS: morphine/narcotic analgesic
- DES: potent analgesic & sedative that causes some vasodilation, reducing venus return & reduced myocardial O2 demand.
- IND: moderate to severe pain & in MI & to reduce renous return in pulmonary edema.
- CI: hypersensitivity to opiates, undiagnosed head or abdominal injury, hypotension, or volume depletion, acute asthma, COPD, severe respiratory depression or pulmonary edema due to chemical inhalation.
- PC: elderly, children or debilitated patients. naloxone should be readily available to counteract the effects of morphine.
- DOSE: Pain: 2.5-15 mg IV; 5-20 mg IM/SQ. Ped: 0.05-0.1 mg/kg IV; 0.1-0.2 mg/kg IM/SQ AMI or PE: 1-2 mg (6-10 min response)
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NALOXONE
- NAME/CLASS: narcan/narcotic antagonist
- DES: naloxone is a pure narcotic antagonist that blocks the effects of both natural & synthetic narcotics and may reverse respiratory depression.
- IND: narcotic and synthetic narcotic overdose, coma of unknown origin.
- CI: hypersensitivitiy to the drug, non-narcotic-induced respiratory depression.
- PC: possible dependency (including newborns). 1/2 life shorter than than most narcotics (pt may return to overdose state)
- DOSE: 0.4-2.0 mg IV/IM/IN (ET 2-2.5X the dose). repeated/ 2-3 min as needed up to 10 mg. Ped: 0.01 mg IV/IM (ET 2-2.5X the dose) repeated/ 2-3 min as needed up to 10 mg.
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ZOFRAN
- NAME/CLASS: zofran/antiemetic
- DES: selective blocking agent of the serotonin receptor type
- IND: prevention of nausea & intractible vomiting
- CI: none
- PC: may mask a progressive ileus &/or gastric distension
- DOSE: 4 mg IVP or single 24 mg tablet ODT
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