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Continental Drift
A hypothesis that proposed that the continents were once joined to form one single supercontinent.
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Convection currents
The flow of material in the mantle due Earth’s unequal heating and causes the tectonic plates to move
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Core
the innermost layer of Earth, located beneath the mantle; inner and outer core are the warmest and most dense layers
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Crust
the thin, rocky outer layer of Earth; continental and oceanic
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Density
a measurement of mass per unit volume of a substance
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Deposition
the process by which sediment is dropped after being eroded from rock and carried by wind or water
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the vibration of Earth produces by the rapid release of energy after earth’s plates shift
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Epicenter
the location on Earth’s surface directly above to origin of an earthquake
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Erosion
the process that uses wind and water to break down rocks and carry the pieces to another place
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Geology
the scientific study of the origin, history, and structure of earth
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Hot Spot
a pocket of magma rises to Earth’s surface; produces Hawaiian Islands
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Igneous Rock
a rock formed by the crystallization of molten material
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Lava
magma that reaches Earth's surface
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Magma
A body of molten rock found at a depth, including any dissolved gases and crystals
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Mantle
The layer of Earth located in between the crust and core; where convection currentrs of molten rock occur
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Metamorphic Rock
rock formed by changing preexisting through intense heat and pressure (still solid)
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Mineral
A naturally occuring, inorganic crystalline material with a unique chemical composition
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Plate Tectonics
the theory that prposes that Earth's outer shell consists of sections, called plates, which move producing earthquakes, volcanoes, mountains, ect.
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pH
a mesurement of how acidic or basic a substance is
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Remote sensing
the mesurement and collection of information taken from an instrument that is not in contact with the object
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Rock
a consolidated mixture of minerals
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Sediment
loose particals created by the weathering and erosion of rock
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Sedimentary Rock
rock formed from weathered sediments that have been deposited, compacted, and cemented together
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Seismograph
an instrument that records earthquake waves
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Soil Horizon
a unique layer of soil that has specific characteristics: horizons change as you move deeper
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Tsunami
a seismic sea wave
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Volcano
a mountain formed of lava and volcanic material
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Weathering
the disintegration and decomosition of rock at or near Earth's surface
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