kind of malnutrition; symptoms: thick layer of subcutaneous fat, distended belly, psychomoter changes, difficulty holding up head, edema, thinness of upper arms.
kwashiorkor
kind of malnutrition; symptoms: growth retardation, wasting muscles, diarrhea, anemia, mental retardation, death
marasmus
general catagories of pathogens that may effect growth and devolpoment (4)
viruses
fungi
bacteria
parasites
the role of environmental influence on growth was tested by observing...
monozygotic twins reared together and apart.
The tendency over the last hundered years or so to mature earlier and become on average, larger.
secular trend
today, a leveling off of of secular trend is occuring among..
the higher socioeconomic urban population.
the uninterupted process of normal development that leads to a progressive decline in physiological function and death...
aging
Russians from the Caucasus Mountains, Hunzas from the Karakoram Mountains in Pakistan, and Ecuadorians live longer than other population.
True or False
False
how long a person on average is expected to live
life expactancy
theoretical maximum age determined by genetic predestiny;
life span
oldest human on record;
age?
Jeanne Calmut
122 years and 164 days
(died 1997)
genes that determine the appearence and disappearence of biochemical products that control the aging process
regulatory genes
as mutations accumulate in the...the body might age
mtDNA
by what age have most growth plates closed?
What happens then?
early 20s
degenerative changes: skull suture clusure and obliteration, loss of teeth, degeneration of bone
The area of the pelvis at which the two innominates join
pubic symphysis
the surface of the pubis where one pubis joins with the other at the pubic symphysis.
And?
symphyseal face
used to estimate age of death
adaptations of the pelvis for child bearing: (4)
U-shaped and broader subpubic angle
smaller acetabulum
larger, wider, shallower sciatic notch
circular or elipical pelvic inlet
male skeletal sexual dimorphsim (2)
rougher muscle attachments
larger size
male sexual dimorphism of skull (3)
squarer orbits
less rounded forhead
prominant temporal line
female skull (4)
smaller nucal crest
smaller mastoid process
smaller coronoid process
narrow ascending ramus
Application of the techniques of osteology and skeletal identification to legal problems
forensic anthropology
no human varies from another by more than...
one tenth of one percent
race is a...concept, not a biological one
social
from the French/Spanish border moving north east across Europe into Asiathe proportion of blood type...
...B increases.
a systematic gradation of a trait over space
clinal distribution
two possible determinants of a clinal distribution
gradual change in selective pressure
outward spread from a point of origin by gene flow
Distribution of alleles, allele combinations, or any traits characterized by little of no gradation in frequencies between adjecent regions
discontinuous variation
there are both... and ... distributions of blood type... across Europe
clinal
non-clinal
antigens
Blood type A; high frequency populations?
Blood type B?
Type O?
Scandinavia; Inuit
Asia, India, west Africa
North and South America
Smallpox is less severe with what two blood types?
Smallpox mortality is higher with what two blood types?
O and B
A and AB
India had had a lot of smallpox, therefore it makes sense that the doninant blood type there is...
why?
B
natural selection would eliminate the less resistant A and AB type individuals
The frequnency of red hair in the United Kingdom is an example of what kind of variation?
discontinuous variation
In only what populations is the Diego blood antigen found?
What does this imply?
