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balance
The amount in an account; the difference between debits and credits.
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balance of trade
A country’s difference between exports and imports over a given period of time.
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budget
A plan of how much money is expected to come in and how much money is expected to be spent for a given period; a budget is specific about what things money will be spent on and how much is available to spend
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capital gain
The amount of money made after selling something for more than it was bought.
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cash
Cash is money that has immediate value; it does not include postdated checks, or IOU’s.
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cosign
Affix a signature to loan for another person; a person who cosigns a loan is responsible for payments if the person who took out the loan is unable to pay it.
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eligibility requirements
Conditions in employee benefit plans that must be met before those plans kick in for that employee.
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fiduciary
A person or organization placed in charge of handling assets of another
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financial statement
A written statement of the financial status of an individual or company, including a balance sheet and income statement.
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going public
The first offering of shares of a private company to the public; it gets an infusion of money, and also new regulations it must follow.
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golden handcuffs
A means of keeping key employees in a company through stock options; employees in this situation cannot afford to leave.
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incentive pay
Bonus pay for producing above a certain level.
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legal tender
Paper money and coins as well as Federal Reserve notes.
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markdown
Dropping the price of a retail item below its original price.
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market share
The percentage of overall industry sales that belongs to one particular company or product.
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operating expense
The cost of maintaining property, including taxes, insurance, and utilities
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option
The right to purchase something within a given period of time; it is not an obligation, and the person who has the option pays an agreed-upon price to hold the option for the time period. If the option is not exercised by the end of the time period, the person who holds the option forfeits the money paid for it.
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parent company
A company that owns the voting stock in its subsidiaries, and therefore controls those companies.
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portfolio income
A taxation term for money that is earned from investments, including interest and dividends; does not include money earned from passive activity such as renting.
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rate of return
A percentage earned from stock in a year as calculated by dividing the dividends earned by price paid for the stock.
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Receivership
A form of bankruptcy in which a business is placed under the control of a receiver while an equitable remedy is worked out.
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silent partner
A limited partner; a silent partner has no role in the management of the company and is only liable for the amount he/she invested
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subliminal advertising
Advertising that is not obvious but rather presented to the subconscious; one way is to put a very brief image of a product into a movie and show that brief image several times a minute. Such advertising was ruled illegal in the 1950’s.
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teaser ad
A short advertisement that is designed to attract attention to an upcoming advertising campaign; a teaser ad does not identify the product, it merely makes the viewer curious to see the next advertisement.
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upwardly mobile
A group of people who are making significantly more than they once were
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