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Hermeneuetics
- Art and Science of interpreting the Bible
- From Hermes translating the gods language to the people
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Exegesis
Drawing Meaning out of Biblical text
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Exposition
communicating meaning and relevance to present hearers
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Homilitics
art and science of communicating meaning and relevance in a preaching situation
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Pedagogy
art and science of communicating meaning and relavence in a teaching situation
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Perspicuity
Clarity, we can understand
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Hermaneutic, Gap
Time, Geographic, Cultural, Language, Literary
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Pre Understanding
preconceived notions that we bring to the text(good or bad)
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Pre undertandings and presuppositions
we must be both subjective and objective
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Presuppositions Rules
- 1. drawn from scriptures overall teaching
- 2. dont change often or at all
- 3. pre-understandings are what we bring to the text
- 4. pre-understandings can change
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Hermeneutics Presupposition
- God exists, Bible is his word
- This is our starting point to prove things not other way around
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Definition of Presupposition
Something we take for granted to be true
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The Bible confirms:
Everything else not the other way around eg: Science and reason
God is reason, logical and orderly
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Understanding
reader is servant to the text, others may have understood better
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Overstanding
- reader as lord over the text
- Eg. salvation by faith or works James 2:24-25
- we must understand whole doctrine of salvation to understand what James says about works
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Bible as Divine Human Project
- 1. Inerrant
- 2. Authoritive
- 3. Unified- does not contradict-progessive
- 4. Bible has mystery- on some levels incomprehensible, miracles, creation, trinity
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Bible as Human Project
- 1. Written language
- 2. Specific audiences
- 3. affected by human enviroment of human writer
- 4. understood in light of its context
- 5. Took on nature of literary form (Genre)
- 6. Understood by inital readers IAW basic principles of logic and communication
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Hermeneutics Rules x 6
- 1. Interpreters do not posses inerrancy
- 2. Some dont get a secret meaning
- 3. A Christian living in sin is susceptible to inaccurate interpretation
- 4. HS doesnt give sudden intuative flashes of insight
- 5. HS guides interpreter
- 6. Bible was given to be understood by all believers
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3 Stages of Interpretation
- 1. Observation
- 2. Interpretation
- 3. Application
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4 Steps to Hermeneutics
- 1. grasp text in their town - what did it mean originally
- 2. measure width of river to cross - differences in audience (time)
- 3. build the hermenuetical bridge
- 4. grasp the text in the new town
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Eisegesis
Putting our meaning into the text
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Etymology
Historical study of words meaning
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Anachronism
reading a meaning of a word out of its historical meaning
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Major Break
Takes place when a writer shifts topics in epistles a break from doctrine to practical issues
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Pivot
When a narrative shifts direction, often signaled by an unusually significant episode
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Interchange
two stories going on at the same time
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Chiasm
- 1st line parallels last
- most important element in middle
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Application
response of reader to the meaning of the inspired text, only one application
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Reading Horizontally
reading parallel passages between all gospels
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Reading Vertically
interpreting within the themes of a single gospel first before horizontally
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Parables
everyday story told to teach a specific spiritual truth usually with 2 levels of meaning where one thing represents another
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Amanuensis
Written by another hand (scribe)
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Cosender
letter sent with someone else
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Amillennialism
- There will be no literal 1000 year rule of Christ on Earth
- millenial period now in our hearts
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Covenant theology
interprets the Bible based on a few covenants
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Dispensational theology
- 1. Church and Israel are seperate
- 2. God works in seperate plans
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Literal interpretation
Interpreting Bible literaly
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Allegorical interpretation
look at the spirit of text beyond the letter
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Prophetic Telescoping
Seeing future as a single event instead of two IRT Christs second coming
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Realism
metaphysical position saying certain things are mind dependant
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Hermeneutical Realism
meaning prior to and independant of process of interpretation, truth existed first
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Non-Realism
- 1. Reality is a human construct
- 2. Signs only point to other signs not reality, no meaning in text
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Locution
what the text says (God)
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Illocutionary force
What a text does (Jesus)
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Perlocutionary effect
What the text accomplishes (HS)
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Role of Holy Spirit in Interpretation
- 1. Interpreter is not inerrant
- 2. Interpreter is not given secret meaning
- 3. HS guides the interpreter
- 4. Sin affects our interpretation
- 5. Bible given to be understood by ALL believers
- 6. Normally no sudden intuative flashes of understanding
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3 Stages of Interpretation
- 1. Observation
- 2. Interpretation
- 3. Application
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4 Steps of Interpretation
Bridging principle
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Parts whole spiral
- 1. Principle reflected in text
- 2. Timeless priniciple not to specific situation
- 3. shouldnt be bound to one culture
- 4. Should correspond to rest of cultures
- 5. Relevant to past and today
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Word study fallacies
- 1. The principle should be reflected in the text.
- 2. The principle should be timeless and not tied to a specific situation.
- 3. The principle should not be culturally bound.
- 4. The principle should correspond to the teaching of the rest of Scripture. 5. The principle should be relevant to both us today and them.
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I.Anachronism
- II.English-Only Fallacy
- III.Root Fallacy
- IV.Overload Fallacy
- V.Word-Count Fallacy
- VI.Selective-Evidence Fallacy
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Imprtant elements of the historical-cultural context
- I.The Biblical Writer
- A.The Author Himself
- B.The Author’s Relationship to the Audience
- II.The Biblical Audience
- III. Other Elements
- Geography/Topography
- B. Social Customs
- C. Economic Issues
- D. Political Issues
- E. Worldview
- F. Behavior Patterns
- G. Religious Practices
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3 mistakes in application
- A. Ouiji Board approach
- B.Proof-Texting Approach
- C.Playing the Holy Spirit “Card”
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A.Ouija-Board Approach
- B.Proof-Texting Approach
- C.Playing the Holy Spirit “Card”
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KBH's 5 crucial elements of proper interpretation
- 1. Saved
- 2. Spiritually mature
- 3. Diligent study
- 4. Common sense and logic
- 5. Humble dependance on HS for discernment
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Number of correct interpretation and applications
one correct interpretation and many applications
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Genre of Gospels and Acts
Christ centered Biography
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3 purposes of parables
- 1. Fulfillment of prophecy
- 2. Concealing of truth
- 3. Revealing of truth
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3 features of parables
- 1. Good storytelling
- 2. Sharp address = specific audience
- 3. Requires a response = illicits a change
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Clints rule of Hermeneutics
- come on stupid, use common sense
- Context is King
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Genre of Revelation
- 1. Prophetic
- 2. Epistle
- 3. Apocoplypic
- Emphasis on prophecy
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8 Elements of Narrative Criticism
- 1. Implied author
- 2. Point of view ideology
- 3. narrative adn story time - how events are related to each other
- 4. Plot
- 5. Characterization and dialouge
- 6. Setting - geographical, temporal, social, and/or historical
- 7. Implicit commentary - techniques whereby the author tells his story.
- 8. Implied reader - every book has a group of readers in mind. These original readers are no longer available to the “real reader
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4 Subgenres of OT Law
- 1. Decalouge = 10 commandments
- 2. Tabernacle laws = ark, tabernacle, priestly duties
- 3. Levitical laws = living as a holy people
- 4. dueteronical laws = speeches by Moses, new application for nation of Israel
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Casuistic Law –
- - distinctive “if...then” grammatical structure
- - “if” describes the case, “then” describes the legal penalty
- Apodictic Law –
- - unconditional, categorical directives; i.e., commands and prohibitions
- Legal Series –
- - legal collections; e.g., the Decalogue
- Legal Instruction –
- - Two forms: priestly instruction and ritual instruction
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9 types of parallelisms
- Synonymous Parallelism- repeating first line
- Step/Synthetic Parallelism- second line develops or adds to first
- Climactic Parallelism - builds to a climax
- Antithetical Parallelism - second line contrasts first(Opposing)
- Introverted Parallelism - external pairs are contrasted with the internal pairs (AB BA).
- Compensative Parallelism - dont need to know
- Incomplete Parallelism - one element is ommited in second line
- Acrostics - Each line begins with a different Hebrew letter
- Paronomasia - the use of a word in different senses or the use of words similar in sound to achieve a specific effect, as humor or a dual meaning; punning
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8 types of poetry
- I. War Songs
- II. Love Songs
- III. Lament
- IV. Hymns or praise songs
- V. Thanksgiving hymns
- VI. Songs of celebration and affirmation
- VII. Wisdom and didactic psalms
- VIII. Imprecatory psalms
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Major/Minor Prophets
- Major = more space
- Minor = less space
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3 Elements of the basic prophetic message
- 1. Covenant broke (repent)
- 2. No repentance = judgment
- 3. Hope for future restoration from judgment
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Distinctions between pre-understanding and presupposition
1.Pre understanding = preconcieved notions we bring to the text, comes from experiences
2. Presupposition = things we assume to be true (God exist) dont change easily, comes from scripture overall
- 3. presuppositional critique = they would be using a circular argument (God exists, Scripture is true)
- 4. Response to critique = eventually all arguments are circular (using science to prove science)Cast my lot with God
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4 musts of Enjoying Gods Word
- 1. Learn it
- 2. teaach it
- 3. memorize it
- 4. meditate on it
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Consequences of misconception of divine and human authors
1. Divine = If not Inerrant could contain errors, loses authority right and wrong doesnt apply to us
2. Human = couldnt use normal rule of grammar to find meaning,context unknowable,
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3 implications of Divine and human origination of the Bible
Divine = Inerrant = all true, Authoritive = for our lives, Unity = doesnt contradict, mystery= some levels incomprehensible
- Human =
- 1. accepted or understood in light of its context
- 2. understood by original readers IAW basic principles of logic and communication
- 3. written by author to a specific audience
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Name and describe 2 advantages and 2 disadvantages of Narrative Criticism
- Pros
- 1. Narratives are interesting,
- 2. Narratives are easy to remember
- 3. Narratives can portray the ambiguities and complexities of life.
- Cons
- 1. The reader may read too much theology into the narrative.
- 2. The reader may assume that since the literature is narrative, it deals only with history and not theology.
- 3. The meaning of the narrative can be subtle or ambiguous
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How does Narrative Criticism aid the reader in interpreting biblical narrative
Blends literal and historical criticism to see author as pe presents himself omniscient and omnipresent
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Name and describe 2 potential weaknesses of Narrative Criticism
- 1. A preoccupation with obscure theories.
- 2. A denial of intended or referential meaning.
- 3. Ignoring the understanding of the early church.
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Describe traditional approach to interpreting OT Law
- 1. Moral laws
- 2. Civil laws
- 3. Ceremonial laws
- * Christians now usually accept only moral laws
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Explaing the correct approach to interpreting OT Law as explained in class
- * Interpret the Law through the grid of NT teaching
- 1. Covenant is associated with Israel and conquest of land
- 2. Blessings are conditional
- 3. No longer a functional covenant
- 4. No longer directly applicable to Christians as LAW
- Cant go directly from Ancient law to modern practice first Concept of God and people of that time then abstracting principle from context
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IS OT Law obsolete for NT Christians? Why or why not?
No, it shows us the character of God
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Origin of postmodern literary turn?
- 1. Premodernism - Based on God
- 2. Moderinism - Bacon/Nietzche God is dead, science and reason rule
- 3. Postmodernism - Derrida, reader brings meaning not author
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Describe deconstructionalism
- 1. Offshoot of Derrida's theory
- 2. the taking apart of something in this context literary works
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Describe how Speech Act Theory might respond to modern hermeneutics?
Speech act = The Author speaks something in a certain way with a certain effect( speaking does something) Promise
- 1.The text has a determinate meaning.
- 2.Because the Bible’s meaning is revelatory, it’s meaning is never dated.
- 3.The significance of the text is relative (i.e., the same meaning can be brought to bear on different situations in different ways).
- 4. Humans have the dignity of communicative agency, though not its perfection.
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How does Vanhoozers Trinitarian hermeneutics answer opposing viewpoints?
- 1. defiently engage with christian thought
- 2.post modern is only extension of modernism
- 3. Pilgrims digress = wandering away from truth
- 4. Christians learn criticism of ISM's
- 5. Modernism inflates self, post deflates self, Trinitarian seeks wisdom in God
- 6. Demonstrate Christian wisdom against other wisdoms
- 7. Christian thought is faith seeking understanding (Trinitiarian and Biblical)
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