-
what are two ways to classify heart diseases?
- anatomic classifications
- etiologic classifications
-
what are the four anatomic classifications?
- pericardium
- myocardium
- endocardium
- heart valves
-
what are the five etiologic classifications?
- congenital anomalies
- atherosclerosis
- hypertension
- infectious agents
- immunologic mechanisms
-
what is a thickened and balloons back into the left atrium during the systolic phase?
mitral valve prolapse
-
mitral vavle prolapse is either ______ or ______
asymptomatic or symptomatic
-
what are the symptoms of mitral vavle prolapse?
- palpitation
- fatigue
- atypical chest pain
- systolic murmur
-
t/f there is a possible need for premedication for mitral vavle prolapse
true
-
what is a defect on the structure of heart and great vessels during birth
congenital heart disease
-
what are the causes of congenital heart disease 2
-
what are the environmental cuases of congenital heart disease
viral infection to the mother like rubella or drugs or a combination
-
what are the seven signs and symptoms of congenital heart disease
- easy fatigue
- fainting
- cyanosis of lips and nailbeds
- poor growth
- chest deformity
- heart murmurs
- congestive heart failure
-
what are the three DH concerns for congenital heart disease
- high risk for endocarditis
- premedication recommended
- maintenance of high level of oral health
-
what is a complication following rheumatic fever
rheumatic heart disease
-
what is a microbial infection of the inner lining of the heart or heart valves
infective endocarditis
-
what is the cause of infective endocarditis
bacteremia
-
what is the #1 symptom of infective endocarditis
fever
-
what is the second symptom of infective endocarditis
heart murmur
-
what ar ethe peripheral manifestations of infective endocarditis? 5
- petechiae
- osler's nodes
- splinter hemorrhages
- roth spots
- digit clubbing
-
what are the risk factors of infective endocarditis 5
- pre existing cardiac abnormalities
- bacteria in the inner lining of heart during bacteremia
- heart valve replacements
- history of previous endocarditis
- intravenous drug abuse
-
what is the dental hygiene care for infective endocarditis? 6
- good oral health
- instructions and education
- sequence treatment
- pre procedural rinse
- brushing
- flossing
-
what is an abnormal rise of blood pressure, <140/90 mm Hg
hypertension
-
what is called the silent killer?
hypertension
-
what are the five predisposing or risk factors for hypertension?
- tobacco use
- heredity
- body weight
- salt consumption
- sex, age, environment and ethnicity
-
____% of hypertension is secondary
5%
-
what is malignant hypertension
BP >200/100 mmHG
-
what are antihypertension meds? 4
- diuretics
- beta blockers
- alpha blockers
- direct vasodilators
-
what are the dental implications AFTER tx for hypertension?
- acute elevation of BP after Tx
- stroke or MI
- stress caused by LA
- possible Drug Drug interaction
-
what is a coronary atherosclerotic heart disease that is a build up of plaque on the arterial walls?
ischemic heart disease
-
what is chest pain caused from MI or lack of oxygen to the heart
angina pectoris
-
waht is the most common coronary artery disease?
atherosclerosis
-
what % of angina attacks are related to atherosclerosis
90
-
what are is the treatment for angina pectoris?
- nitroglycerin sublingually
- BLS with supplemental oxygen
-
what are three tx modifications of angina pectoris
- calm and comfortable
- adminster oxygen
- limit vasoconstrictors
-
what are the 8 steps to take for an angina attack?
- stop tx call for assistance and ermergency kit
- upright position and reassure pt
- adminster vasodilator (use pt nitroglycerin)
- administer sublingual tablet
- check response, apain should subside within minutes
- call ems and assume MI. adminster oxygen
- record vitals
- observe recovery
-
what is commonly known as a heart attack
myocardial infarction
-
what is a clinical syndrom caused by a deficient coronary arterial blood supply to a region of myocardiium that results in cellular death and necrosis
myocardial infarction
-
what is the tx modificatiosn for myocardial infarction
elective dental appts postponed 6 months or more until pt physician has given consent
-
what is an abnormality of cardiac function results on the failure of the heart to pump blood at a rate necessary to meet the need of the body tissue
congestive heart failure
-
what are the symptoms of congestive heart failure
- dyspnea
- fatigue or weakness
- fear
- anxiety
-
what is a treatment modification for congestive heart failure
if symptoms present cancel and refer to physician
-
what are the clinical considerations for congestive heart failure? 3
- no clinical findings from HF
- meds=xerostomia and oral lesions
- possible gag reflex
-
what is any variation in the normal heartbeat, including rhythm disturbance, rate or conduction of the pattern of the heart
cardiac arrhythmias
-
what are the oral manifestations of cardiac arrhythmias
ADEs of medicatons (dry mouth, bitter taste, gingival hyperplasia, hypersalivtion)
-
what is similar to anemia, represents a symptom complex that can be caused by numerous diseases
heart failure
-
what is the end stage of cardiovascular diseases
heart failure
-
what are the tx modifications for heart failure?
no CX to Tx unless modified to medications taken
-
what do you do for uncontrolled or untreated heart failure?
defer pt (refer to physician)
-
what drugs do you avoid for heart failure?
- epinephrine
- vasoconstrictors
- NSAIDS
-
what chair position should you use for heart failure?
semi supine or upright chair position
-
what are the oral manifestations of heart failure?
none
-
t/f only the drugs to manage heart failure can cause mouth or oral lesions
true
-
t/f you need to note possible gag reflex with patients taking digitalis
true
-
what dental equipment should you be concerned with for a pacemaker?
- magnetic headrests
- electrosurge
- ultrasonic bath cleaners
- ultrasonic scalers
-
what are the symptoms during pacemaker malfunction?
- dizzy
- faint
- short of breath
- fatigued
- most likely from inadequate amount of blood to brain
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