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Are lampreys considered vertebrates?
yes
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Lampreys are considered ________.
Vertebrates
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What does the hagfish eat?
Scavenging dead or dying vertebrates from the ocean floor.
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How do hagfish feed?
They feed by entering the animal through an existing hole or create one by using the sharp, toothlike structure on the end of it tongue.
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How do hagfish maintain leverage while feeding?
the tie their tail in a knot.
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What is the hagfishes antipredator behavior?
They tie themselves in a knot then exude a large amount of slime to make themselves slippery and repel the predator.
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The hagfish is _______ but has excellent ______and _______.
Blind,Smell,touch.
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_________ present the oldest living lineage of vertebrates.
Lampreys
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Lamprey larvae resemble __________.
Lancets.
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Lampreys larvae are _________ feeders.
Suspension.
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Lamprey larvae spend most of their time doing what?
buried in sediment.
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Where do lampreys migrate once they mature?
lakes and seas.
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Most species of lamprey are what?
Parasites
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How does the lamprey eat?
It attaches itself to the side of a fish, uses it rasping tongue to enter the skin, and then feed on its victim's blood and tissues.
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When did jawed vertebrates appear in the fossil record?
mid-Ordocician.
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What made jawed vertebrates a sucess?
Jaws, paired fin and tail.
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How did jaws help with the success of vertebrates?
They allowed a more wide variety of prey to be eaten.
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How did paired fins and tail help with the success of jawed vertebrates?
By allowing them to chase and catch prey.
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The vast majority of vertebrates have what kind of jaws?
Jaws supported by 2 skeletal parts held together by a hinge.
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Where did hinged jaws come from?
They evolved by modification of skeletal support of the anterior pharyngeal(gill) slits.
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__________ evolved by modification of skeletal support of the anterior pharyngeal(gill) slits.
jaws
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What was the main function of gill slits before jaws?
to entrap food particles.
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Chrondrichthyes are what kinds of animals?
Sharks and Rays.
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Sharks and Rays are in the class _________/
Chondrichtyes
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Chodrichtyans have what kind of material for their skeleton?
cartilage
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large sharks are _________ feeders.
Suspension
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Most sharks ________.
Carniverous.
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_______ have elctrosensors.
Sharks
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Electrosensors are what?
Organs that can detect minute electrical fields produced by muscle contractions of nearby animals.
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__________ and _______ have a lateral line system.
Sharks, most other aquadic vertebrates
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A lateral line system is?
A row of sensory organs running along each side that are sensitive to cages in water pressure and can detect minor vibrations.
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________ are dorsoventrally flattened.
Rays
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The largest ray eat by _________.
Filter feeding
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The fin extensions near the face allow for what?
Funneling of the water for suspension feeding.
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What are some ray-finned fish?
Tuna, Trout, and Goldfish.
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What is the skeleton of ray-fish made of?
Cartilage with an outer matrix of calcium phosphate.
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Most ray-fined fish have _______ scales and secrete _________to lower water drag.
flattend, mucus
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What is an operculum?
A protective flap that cover a chamber housing of gills.
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What does the operculum allow the fish to do?
To breath without swimming.
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Ray-finned fishes have a ________ that allows them to maintain buoyancy.
Swim bladder
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What is a swim bladder>
A sac filled with gas that allows fish to maintain buoyancy.
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How did swim bladder evolve?
They evolved from ballon-like lungs.
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Whan did ray-finned fishes emerge?
Devonian
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What are the most abundant and varied vertebrates?
Ray-finned fishes
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What is the key derived feature of a lob-finned fish?
A series of rod-shaped bones in their muscular pectorial and pelvic fins.
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What did lobe-finned fish do and live during the Devonian?
They lived in wetlands and used their fins to walk under water.
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What are the three lineages of the lobe-finned fish?
Coelacanth, Lungfish, and tetrapods(who came onto land.)
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Lobe-finned fishes gave rise to ______.
Tetrapods.
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What are some of the challenges vetebrates faced coming onto land?
Gas exchange, water conservation, structural support, reproduction, sensory, and locomotion.
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Alfred Romer hypothsoszed what?
That lobe-finned fish used thier fins to hop from one poor of water to another pool of water.
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Tetrapods did what to breath?
Raised themselves out of the wateriwth their fins.
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amphibians were very plentiful during what age?
The Carboniferous.
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What are some amphibians?
Frogs Salamanders, caecilians.
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Salamander are ______ and can ____________.
Aquadic, live on land.
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Caecilians are ________ and look like_______.
Blind, earthworms.
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What is a tadpole?
It is the larval stage of a frog ,with no legs, gills, algea eater, and later line system.
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amphibians moist skin does what?
Supplements lungs for gs exchange.
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Amphibains where the 1st vertebrates to do what?
Colonize land.
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______ and ________ are amniotes.
Reptles and mammals
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What is the amniotic egg?
An embryo developed in a fluid filled sac.
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The evolotuion of the amniotic egg was important becuase?
It allowed the pond to be on land. They could reproduce anywhere.
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What keeps reptiles from drying out?
Skin covered in waterproof scales and kertian.
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Reptiles are ____________, they gain heat from outside the body instead for creating thier own.
Ectothermic.
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small dinsoaurs where said to be __________, gained heat from the bodies metabolism.
endothermic
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What did birds evolve from?
Small two legged dinosaurs called theropods.
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What features of birds help them in flight?
No teeth, tail supported by only a few vertebrae, honeycombed bone structure, and feather shafts are hollow.
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What are the 2 main lineages of amniotes?
Reptiles(including birds) and mammals.
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What are mammilain hallmarks?
Mammory glands and hair.
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A momtremes is a _______.
A mammal that lays eggs.
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What are the 2 only monotremes in the world?
Echindes( spiny ant eaters) and Duckbilled platypus.
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What is the placenta?
A structure in which nutrients from the mother's blood diffuse into the embryo's blood.
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________ have brief gestation and give birth to tiny embryonic offspring that will finish developing in a pouch on the mother.
Marsupials.
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The external pouch on a Marsupial is called a _________.
Marsupium.
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________ are mammals that bear fully developed young.
Eutherians.
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what are the primate features?
Limber shoulder and hip joints, five digits, seperation of the big toe, sensetivity of hands and feet.
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Limber shoulder and hip joints, five digits, seperation of the big toe, sensetivity of hands and feet are features of what animals?
Primates
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Taiser are_______,
Small, nocturnal tree-dwellers, with flat round eyes.
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Small, nocturnal tree-dwellers, with flat round eyes are part of what primate group?
tarsiers
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the primate group Anthropoids includes what animals?
Monkeys and Apes.
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The ape group is called the ______.
Hominoids
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What are some features of Anthropoids?
Head relative to body size, oposable thumb.
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Head relative to body size, oposable thumbare features of what primate group?
Anthropods.
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New world monkeys are _________.
Aboreal.
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New world monkeys have what features?
Wide apart nostrils and prehensiled tail.
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Wide apart nostrils and prehensiled tail are features of what monkey group?
New World monkeys.
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Old world monkeys have what features?
Downward nostrils and ground dwelling.
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Downward nostrils and ground dwelling are features of what monkey group?
Old world monkeys.
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How do monkeys differ from apes?
By having forlimbs that are equal in length to hid limbs.
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What animals does the hominoid group contain?
Gibbons, Orangutans, Gorillas, Chimpanzees, and humans.
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Paleoanthropology is _______.
the study of human origins and evolution.
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Hominoids are___/
Species that are closer to humans than chimpanzees.
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