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Ectoderm organs
- hypothalamus
- pineal
- pituitary
- adrenal medulla
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Mesoderm organs
- adrenal cortex
- ovaries
- testes
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Endoderm organs
- thyroids
- parathyroids
- pancreas
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Functions of Endocrine System
- control/regulate body activities
- control/regulate growth and development
- control/regulate homeostasis
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Actions of Endocrine System
- alter cell permeability
- activate enzymes
- activate genes
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Controls of Endocrine System
- direct nerve pathway
- positive feedback
- negative feedback
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Protein-like Hormones
- end with in, on, or hormone
- typically do not enter target cells
- bind with surface protein on the cell which activates g-protein in the cell membrane
- water soluble
- ex: growth hormone
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CAMP
- cyclic adenosine monophosphate
- internal messenger of protein-like hormones
- made from ATP by the enzyme Adenylate Cyclase
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Steroid Hormone
- end with ol or one
- enter target cells and activate genes
- made from cholesterol
- fat soluble
- ex: testosterone
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Corticotroph cell
chromophobe
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Somatotroph cell
acidophil
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Lactotroph Cell
acidophil
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Gonadotroph Cell
basophil
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Target of ACTH and MSH
adrenal cortex
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Target of TSH
thyroid gland
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Target of FSH, LH, ICSH
gonads
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ACTH
adrenocorticotropic hormone
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MSH
melanocyte stimulating hormone
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TSH
- thyroid stimulating hormone
- thyrotropin
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ADH
- antidiuretic hormone
- vasopressin
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IGF1
insulin-like growth factor 1
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FSH
follicle stimulating hormone
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ICSH
interstitial cell stimulating hormone
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HCG
human chorionic gonadotropin
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HPL
human placental lactogen
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Diabetes Insipidus
hypo ADH
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Simmond's Disease
hypo GH
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Spermatogonia
pre-sperm cells
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Where sperm develop
seminiferous tubules
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Adrenal Gland
supra renal gland
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Hypothalamus cavity
cranial
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Hypophysis cavity
cranial
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Parathyroid cavity
thoracic
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Pancreas cavity
abdomenal (retroperitoneal)
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Adrenal cavity
abdomenal (retroperitoneal)
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testis cavity
abdomenal and scrotum
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Anterior Pituitary
adenohypophysis
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Posterior Pituitary
neurohypophysis
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Hypothalamus production site hormones
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Interemediate lobe of pituitary production site hormone
MSH
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Anterior Pituitary production site hormones
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Liver production site hormone
IGF1
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Production site of HGC and HPL
placenta
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Production sites of Estradiol
- placenta
- ovary
- adrenal cortex
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Production site of Progesterone
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Neurosecretory cell hormones
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Chromophobe cell hormones
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Hepatic cell hormone
IGF1
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Chromophil /Acidophil hormones
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Chromophil/Basophil hormones
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Estradiol cell type
- follicle (ovary)
- zona reticularis (adrenal cortex)
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Progesterone cell type
follice (ovary)
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Testosterone cell type
interstitial/leydig
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Target of ADH
kidney tubules
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Target of MSH
epidermal melanocytes of fetus
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Target of IGF1
epiphyseal plate of bones
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Target of LH
ovarian/graffian follicles
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Target of ICSH
interstitial/leydig cells
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Target of HCG
corpus luteum
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Action of OT
- release of milk
- onset of labor
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Action of ADH
increased water absorption
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Action of MSH
increased pigmentation
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Action of GH and STH
- increased blood glucose
- stimulate somatomedins
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Action of IGF1
stimulates cartilage growth
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Action of ACTH
stimulate release of cortisol
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Action of TSH
stimulate release of thyroxine
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Action of PRL
stimulate production of milk
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Action of FSH
- development of ovarian follicle
- development of sperm
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Action of LH
- ovulation
- formation of corpus luteum
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Action of ICSH
stimulate production of testosterone
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Action of HCG
causes corpus luteum to remain active
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Action of Estradiol
- breast enlargement
- development of uterine lining
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Action of Progesterone
- stimulates development of placenta
- maintains uterine lining
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Action of HPL
promotes growth of breast tissue
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Action of Testosterone
- promotes male sex characteristics
- thickens bones
- increases muscle mass
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Female hormones
- HPL
- OT
- PRL
- HGC
- estradiol
- LH
- progesterone
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Gland controlled by a direct nerve connection
adrenal medlla
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Hormone controlled by positive feedback
OT
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Menarche
first menstrual cycle
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Contributing factors to the onset of menstruation
- genetics
- hormone levels
- nutrition
- body fat composition (17%)
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Menopause effects on the body
- low estrogen levels
- uterine atrophy
- vaiginal atrophy
- vaginal dryness
- hot flashes
- night sweats
- thinning of the genitals
- increased risk of osteoporosis
- back and muscle pain
- breast atrophy
- itching/dry skin
- mood swings
- fatigue
- irritability
- memory loss
- decreased libido
- facial and chest hair
- deeper voice
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