effect of an agent or procedure on the prevention prgression and control of a disease (compare experimenta group to control group
what are two example of a clincial trial?
plaque index of silness and loe
pt hygiene performance of podshadley and haley
what is an epidemiologic survey used for?
study of disease characteristics of populations, info and trends and patterns of oral health and disease in populations
what is an example of a epidemiologic survey?
DMFT index (decayed, missing and filled teeth)
what is an community surveillance index used for?
assess needs of community, provide info to help plan community based health promotion/disease prevention programs
compare the effects or evaluate the results of community based programs
what is an example of a community surveillance?
association of state and territorial dental directors basic screening survey
what are six indices used for gingival and perio health?
perio screening/recording (PSR)
Community perio index (CPI)
sulcus bleeding index (SBI)
Gingival bleeding index (GBI)
eastman interdental bleeding index (EIBI)
gingival index (GI)
what is a SCREENING procedure to help determine need for PERIO?
perio screening/recording PSR
what is the purpose of the perio screening/recording PSR index used for?
MOTIVATES PT
SCREENING for need of PERIO
how are the teeth divided up for PSR?
sextants
what is used for the PSR? (instrument wise)
special probe with a .5mm ball at tip it is color coded btw 3.5-5.5
what index is used by the world health organization?
community perio index CPI
what teeth are probed in the CPI for adults? children?
adult:10 teeth (8 molars, max right cent and man left cent incisor)
child:6 teeth (4 molars, max right cent and man left cent incisor)
what index is used to locate areas of sulcus bleeding?
sulcus bleeding index SBI
what is the procedure for the SBI?
probe all 4 areas of tooth and wait 30 seconds btw areas
what is the coding for the SBI?
0-5 for each of the 4 areas
total scores and divide by 4
total scores for each tooth and divide by number of teeth
what index is the presence or absence of gingival inflammation by bleeding from the INTERPROXIMAL SULCI?
gingvial bleeding index GBI
where is the GBI measured?
two interprox sulci per tooth
what do you use to measure the GBI?
unwaxed floss
how long do you wait between testing areas of the GBI?
30 seconds
what index is used to assess the presence or absence of inflammation in INTERDETNAL AREA as indicated by bleeding
eastman interdental bleeding index EIBI
what teeth are used in the EIBI?
ALL TEETH IN DENTITION
how long must you wait between use of triangular wooden interdental cleaner in the EIBI when insterting 4 times?
15 seconds
what are five indices used for oral health status?
plaque index Pl I
plaque control record
plaque free score
patient hygiene performance PP
simplified oral hygiene index OHI-S
what is the purpose of the plaque index?
assess thickness of biofilm at cervical third
which index assess the THICKNESS of BIOFILM at the cervical third
plaque index
what index is used to record the presence of biofilm?
plaque control record
what index is used to see the biofilm free surface (we use this)
plaque free score
what is documented in the plaque free score?
biofilm free surfaces
INTERDENTAL BLEEDING
when scoring the plaque free score what is across the top on the chart? what is down the side?
across-#teeth/surfaces
down-#surfaces WITH biofilm
what is the purpose of the patient hygiene performace index?
assess extent of biofilm and debris
what index assesses the biofilm and debris?
PHP
how do you score PHP for a group?
total individual scores and divide by the # people examined
what index assesses debris and CALC?
OHI-S
what are the two parts of the OHI-S?
simplified debris index DI-S
simplified CALC index CI-S
what teeth are selected for the OHI-S?
3, 8, 14, 24, 19, 30
what are the four dental caries experience indices?
perm teeth DMFT and DMFS
primary teeth df and def
early childhood caries (ECC and S-ECC "severe" )
root caries index
what teeth are not counted for the DMFT? 4
wis teeth
unerupted teeth
congen/supernumerary teeth
teeth removed/restored for other than caries
what teeth are selected for the dmfs?
primary teeth
8 molars 4 canines
what teeth are not counted for the df/def?
teeth removed/restored for other than caries (ortho/fractures)
what is the procedure for early childhood caries (ECC and S-ECC-severe)
examine each tooth surface for decay
what is the tooth selection for the root caries index
4 surfaces per tooth
tooth counted only once despite possible multiple lesions
what is the procedure for the RCI?
examine each tooth for root caries
an inactive substance or preparation with no intrinsic therapeutic value given to satisfy a pts symbolic need for drug therapy; used in controlled resarch studies in a form identical in appearance to the material being tested
placebo
the total number of cases of a specific disease or condition in existence in a given population at a certain time
prevalence
assessment of many individuals to disclose certain characteristics or diseases in a population
screening
the study of the relationships of various factors that determine the frequency and distribution of diseases in the human community; study of health and disease in populations
epidemiology
ability of an index or test procedure to measure what it is intended to measure
validity
ability of an index or test procedure to measure consistently at different times and uder a variety of conditions; reproducibility; consistency
reliability
the rate at which a certain event occurs as the number of new cases of a specific disease occurring during a certain period of time
incidence
what are the 8 criteria for a useful and effective index?
simple to use and calculate
requires minimal equipment and expense
uses a minimal amount of time to complete
does not cause pt discomfort nor is otherwise unacceptable to a pt
has clear cut criteria that are readily understandable
is as free as possible from subjective interpretation
reproducible by the same examiner or differnet examiners
is amenable to statistical analysis; has validity and reliability
t/f an index should be simple to use and calculate
true
t/f an index should be clear cut and readily understandable
