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What specialty in medicins focuses on blood?
hematology
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Which of the four primary tissue types is blood?
connective tissue
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When blood is centrifuged three layers form. List them.
plasma, leukocytes & platelets, erythrocytes
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List the three major functions of blood.
transportation, regulation & protection
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How does the blood help protect the body?
immunity & clotting
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List the formed elements of the blood.
erythrocytes, leukocytes & platelets
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What specialty in medicine deals with the heart?
cardiology
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What are the two circuits of the cardiovascular system?
pulmonary & systemic
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Which side of the heart pumps blood in the pulmonary circuit?
right side
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Which side of the heart pumps blood in the systemic circuit?
left side
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Approximately how large is the heart?
the size of a clenched fist
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Where is the heart located?
left of the body midline, posterior to the sternum in the mediastinum
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What is the base of the heart?
posterosuperior surface (formed primarily by the left atrium)
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What is the apex of the heart?
anteroinferiorly (inferior conical end)
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What fibrous serous sac surrounds the heart?
pericardium
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What is the outer, tough, dense connective tissue layer of the sac surrounding the heart?
fibrous pericardium
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What is the inner portion of the sac surrounding the heart?
serous pericardium
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What layer of the serous pericardium lines the inner surface of the fibrous pericardium?
parietal layer
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What layer of the serous pericardium covers the outside of the heart?
visceral layer
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What is the space between the parietal and visceral layers of the serous pericardium?
pericardial cavity
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List the three layers of the heart wall.
epicardium, myocardium & endocardium
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What layer of the heart is a serous membrane?
epicardium
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What layer of the heart is composed of cardiac muscle?
myocardium
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Whay layer of the heart is composed of a simple squamous epithelium?
endocardium
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How many chambers make up the heart?
4
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What are the two superior chambers of the heart that receive blood returning from the body and the lungs?
atria
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What are the two inferior chambers of the heart that pump blood to the lungs and the body?
ventricles
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What relatively deep depression lies between the atria and teh ventricles of the heart?
coronary sulcus
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What depressions lie between the ventricles of the heart?
anterior & posterior interventricular sulcus
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What structure composed of dense irregular connective tissue lies between the atria and ventricles of the heart?
fibrous skeleton
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The right atrium of the heart receives blood from what circuit?
systemic circuit
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What three vessels empty into the right atrium?
superior vena cava, inferior vena cava & coronary sinus
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What structure separates the right and left atria of the heart?
interatrial septum
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What separates the right atrium and right ventricle?
right atrioventricular valve
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What prevents blood from returning to the right atrium as the right centricle contracts?
right atrioventricular valve (tricuspid valve)
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What structure separates the right and left ventricles of the heart?
interventricular septum
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What nipple-like structures project from the wall of the right ventricle?
papillary muscles
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What structures anchor the tricuspid valve to the walls of the right ventricle and prevent it from everting into the right atrium?
chordae tendineae
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What valve prevents blood from returning to the right ventricle as that venticle relaxes?
pulmonary valve
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What blood vessels carry blood from the lungs to the left atrium of the heart?
pulmonary veins
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What separates the left atrium from the left ventricle?
left atrioventricular opening
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What structure prevents blood from returning to the left atrium as the left ventricle contracts?
mitral valve
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What structure anchor the mitral valve to the walls of the left ventricle and prevent it from everting into the left atrium?
chordae tendineae
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What nipple-like structures project from the walls of the left ventricle?
papillary muscle
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What structure prevents blood from returning to the left ventricle as that ventricle relaxes?
aortic valve
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What division of the nervous system innervates the heart and influences the heart's function?
autonomic nervous system
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What levels of the spinal cord give rise to the nerve that innervate the heart?
T1 - T5
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Through the branches of what nerve does the parasympathetic division of the ANS innervate the heart?
vagus
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What system of arteries, capillaries, and veins supplies the heart with blood?
coronary circulation
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What arteries arise from the ascending aorta to supply the heart with blood?
coronary arteries
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What branch of the right coronary artery supplies the right border of the heart?
marginal artery
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What branch of the right coronary artery supplies the ventricles on the posterior side of the heart?
posterior interventricular artery
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What branch of the left coronary artery supplies the anterior walls of the ventricles?
anterior interventricular artery
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What branch of the left coronary artery supplies the left atrium and left ventricle?
circumflex artery
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What is a communication between or calescence of blood vessels?
anastomose
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What is circulation of blood established through enlargement of minor vessels with those of adjacent parts when a major vein or artery is functionally impaired (as by obstruction)?
collateral circulation
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What vein in the coronary citculation lies in the anterior interventricular sulcus and the left side of the AV sulcus?
great cardiac vein
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What vein in the coronary circulation lies in the posterior interventricular sulcus?
middle cardiac vein
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What vein in the coronary circulation runs along side the right marginal artery and lies in the right portion of the AV sulcus?
small cardiac vein
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What large vein lies in the AV sulcus on the posterior side of the heart and drains into the right atrium?
coronary sinus
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Of the three formed elements of the blood, which is not made up of cells?
platelets
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