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Cyclical physiological process that alternates with longer periods of wakefulness? There are 2 stages, name them?
- Sleep
- NREM - contributes to body tissue restoration
- REM - where dreams occur (vivid)
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This form of sleep contributes to body tissue restoration?
NREM
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This form of sleep is where dreams occur (vivid) dreams and is important for functionoing, learning, processing, and adapting to stressors in life?
REM
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The 24-hour day/night cycle/rhythms that influence the pattern of major biological and behavioral funtions is called your?
Circadian rhythm
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This clock synchronizes sleep cycles?
Bilogical clocks
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What does your biological clock do?
Synchronizes sleep cycles
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Define the stages in NREM?
- Stage 1 - lightest sleep/easy to arouse
- Stage 2 - sound sleep/relaxation
- Stage 3 - deepest sleep/difficult to arouse
- Stage 4 - vivid full color dreaming/90 min after sleep cycle
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This stage of REM is the lightest sleep stage, lasts minutes, and the individual gradually has their vital signs fall. They are easy to arouse, name this stage?
Stage 1
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This stage is sound sleep and relaxation. The individual progresses easily into sleep as their vitals gradually fall, they are easy to arouse, it lasts 10-20 minutes and body functions begin to slow...name this stage of sleep?
Stage 2
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This stage of sleep is the deepset stage of sleep. The individual is difficult to arouse, the cycle lasts 15-30 minutes and vital signs significantly lowers. This is the stage where sleepwalking and bedwetting sometimes occur?
Stage 3
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This stage of sleep the individual experiences vivid full color dreaming. It occurs 90 minutes after sleeping. This is called the REM stage of sleep where loss of skeletal muscle/gastric secretions increase and the individual is difficult to arouse. The stage lasts 20 minutes on average...name this sleep stage?
Stage 4
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Urination at night, dirupts the sleep cycle, is called?
Nocturia
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Disruption in adults of either quantity or quality of sleep is called?
Hypersomnolence
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Involves the use of EEG, EMG, and EOG machines to monitor stages of sleep in wakefulness during the nightime sleep. This machine is called a?
Polysomnogram
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Chronic difficulty falling asleep, frequent awakenings from sleep and/or a short sleep or nonrestorative sleep is called?
Insomnia
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Practices clients associate with sleep (worry, anxiety, stress) is called?
Sleep hygiene
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This disorder is characterized by lack of airflow through the nose and mouth for periods of 10 seconds or longer during sleep, what is it called?
Sleep apnea
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Name the 3 kinds of sleep apnea?
- 1. Central sleep apnea (CSA)
- 2. Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA)
- 4. Mixed sleep apnea (MSA)
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This form of sleep apnea is where there is a dysfunction in the brain's control over the respiratory center during sleep?
Central Sleep Apnea
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This form of sleep apnea affects 10-15% of middle adults; muscles or oral cavity of the throat relax during sleep obstructing airway (this can also happen in postmenopausal women and children); snoring and restless sleep is a symptom?
Obstructitive Sleep apnea
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This is a dysfunction of mechanixms that regulate the sleep and wake states; REM occurs w/in 15 min of falling asleep. This can occur anytime of day - a wave of sleep comes over a person?
Narcolepsy
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This is a sudden muscle weakness during intense emotions such as anger, sadness or laughter - occurs anytime of the day is called?
Cataplexy
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This is a problem clients experience a s a result of dyssomnia (causes include fever, difficulty breathing, pain, emotinal stressors, medications and evironmental disturbances). This is?
Sleep deprivation
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This form of insomnia is experienced as a result of situational stress such as family, work, school problems, jet lag, ilness, and loss of a loved one?
Transient insomnia
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This type of insomnia is a misalignment of timing of sleep and is what the individual desires or is the societal norm?
Hypersomnia
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This type of insomnia is an undesirable behavior that occurs usually during sleep?
Parasomnia
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What can OSA cause physiologically in a client?
- decline in arterial oxygen saturation
- places them at risk for cardiac dysrythmia
- can cause right-sided heart failure
- can cause pulmonary hypertension
- can cause angina attacks
- can cause stroke
- can cause hypertension
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A young adult needs how many hours of sleep? Spend how much time in REM? What are common components that disrupt sleep?
- 6-8.5 hours of sleep
- 20% REM
- Stress of jobs, family, social life
- Medications, pregnancy,
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A middle adult needs how many hours of sleep? What is the total hours spent in REM sleep? What are common components that disrupt sleep/
- 6-8 hours (more on the lower end - time spent sleeping declines)
- REM sleep begins to fall (Stage 4)
- Insomnia is commone
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What is the total number of hours needed for older adults sleep? How many hours are spent in REM? What are common components that disrupt sleep?
- Hours spent sleeping greatly interupted; 3-4 hours possibly straight sleep before arise
- REM significantly shortened
- 50% of older adults report problems with sleeping
- wake more often at night/take more naps during day
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What are some substances that can cause sleepiness, insomnia and fatigue?
- Hypnotics
- antidepressants and stimulants
- alcohol
- caffeine
- diureticcs
- Beta-Adrenergic Blockers
- Benzodiazephines
- Narcotics
- Anticonvulsants
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What assessment questions would you ask to determine sleep pattern in client/
- Time you go to bed?
- Time it takes you to fall asleep?
- Times you awaken at night?
- Average hours of sleep you receive?
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What contributing factors can affect sleep?
- Environmental noise
- Relationship difficulties
- Ask client to rate sleep on a analog scale (0-10)
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Questions to ask to determine if client has insomnia?
- How easily do you fall asleep?
- Have difficulty staying asleep?
- How do you prepare for sleep?
- How often do you face troubles with sleep?
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Questions you ask to determine if client has sleep apnea?
- Do you snore?
- Has anyone told you you stop breathing?
- Headaches when you awaken?
- Difficulty staying awake during the day?
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Questions you would ask to determine if client has narcolespsy?
- Do you fall asleep at inappropriate times?
- Does your body feel paralyzed during the day?
- Episodes of losing muscle control or falling to the floor occur?
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How can you begin to approach a client's sleep disturbance and address change?
- Determine preexisting problems
- Determine what is going on in their life
- Feeling anxious/worried/stressed?
- Current sleep hygiene/routine?
- Environment they sleep in?
- Expectations/outcomes they'd like to see?
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