Celiac Axis Arteriography

the return of blood from the viscera to the liver

hepatic vein drains into the IVC

and the IVC transports blood to the right atrium

the inferior mesenteric vein joins the splenic vein

the splenic vein & the superior mesenteric vein join to form the portal vein

and the left gastric vein joins the portal vein

the celiac axis or the superior mesenteric

to define pathological conditions and/or localize bleeding

• 1. aneurysm
• 2. tumor
• 3. stenosis
• 3. g.i. bleeding
• 5. cirrhosis of the liver
• 6. hepatitis

• 1. severe ascites: accumulation of fluid in the peritoneal cavity, the result of liver failure, obstructed veins force plasma into the abdominal cavity
• 2. absence of a spleen
• 3. blood dyscrasia (a pathological condition of cellular elements of the blood) ex. lukemia
• 4. low platlet count
• 5. high clotting time (greater than 15 sec.) ex. pt could bleed out

to locate the origin of the celiac artery

• 1. for selective of celiac, SMA, or IMA you use 2-sided hole caths in order to prevent catheter recoil
• 2. for superselective like celiac axis arteries you use single hole caths for less superimposition of the other arteries

non ionic

and less CM is needed for superselective procedures

AP which includes the lower thoracic and the upper abdomen

if you wand to demonstrate esophageal varices make sure you include the upper abdomen

DSA is the choice for many angiographers

• 1. pt. motion
• 2. peristalsis
• 3. uncooperative pt.
• 4. severly ill pts. who can't hold still

• 1. Papaveine
• 2. Tolazoline (Priscoline)

to enhance the venous system

approximatly 30 secs prior to CM injection

when there is acute bleeding and AVM

• the direct approach
• 1. needle is placed directly into splenic vein or hepatic vein
• 2. CM is then injected through the needle

these are rarely performed today due to the hemorrhages

.5 cc's per min