-
the percentage by volume of red blood cells in a sample of whole blood
hematocrit
-
number of red blood cells in milliliters per 100 mL of centrifuged blood pg 523
packed cell volume
-
fluid portion of circulating blood
plasma
-
A group of proteins that causes blood cells to grow and mature.
hematopoietic growth factors
-
large bone marrow cell that shatters to yield blood cell platelets
megakaryocytes
-
disk shaped cell lacking a nucleus, that is packed with the oxygen-carrying molecule hemoglobin; erythrocyte
red blood cells (erythrocytes)
-
oxygen carrying pigment in red blood cells
hemoglobin
-
a red blood cell at an immature stage
erythroblasts
-
immature red blood cell that has a network of fibrils in its cytoplasm
reticulocytes
-
kidney hormone that promotes red blood cell formation
erythropoietin
-
deficiency of red blood cells or hemoglobin
anemia
-
two bile pigments produced from hemoglobin breakdown
biliverdin & bilirubin
-
cell that helps fight infection; leukocyte
white blood cells (leukocytes)
-
class of immune system chemicals (cytokines) with varied effects pg. 530
interleukins
-
protein that stimulates differentiation and maturation of white blood cells
colony-stimulating factors (CSFs)
-
leukocyte with granules in its cytoplasm
granulocytes
-
nongranulular leukocyte
agranulocytes
-
squeezing of leukocytes between the cells of blood vessel walls pg. 533
diapedesis
-
attraction of leukocytes to chemicals released from damaged cells pg. 635
chemotaxis
-
too many white blood cells in the blood
leukocytosis
-
too few white blood cells in the blood
leukopenia
-
lists percentages of the types of leukocytes in a blood sample
differential white blood cell count (DIFF)
-
blood platelet
platelets "aka thrombocytes"
-
a hormone that stimulates megakaryocytes to differentiate from hematopoetic stem cells pg. 534
thrombopoietin
-
platelets release ________ which contracts smooth muscles in the vessel walls, reducing blood flow.
serotonin
-
memorize table on pg 14.5 cellular components of blood; RBC 42,000,000 to 6,200,000 per microliter; neutrophil 54-62% of WBC's present; eosinophil 1-3% of WBCs; basobils less than 1% of WBCs present; monocytes 3-9% WBCs; lymphocytes 25% of WBCs present; platelets 130,000 to 360,000 per microliter
pg 535
-
transports oxygen and and carbon dioxide
RBC
-
destroys pathogenic microorganisims and parasites and removes worn cells
WBC
-
about twice the size of RBCs; cytoplasmic granules present
granulocytes
-
phagocytizes small particles; 54-62% of WBCs present; granulocyte
neutrophils
-
kills parasites and moderates allergic reactions; 1-3 % of WBCs; granulocyte
eosinophils
-
releases herapin and histamine; less than 1% of WBCs; granulocytes
basophil
-
gytoplasmic granules are absent
agranulocytes
-
phagocytizes large particles; 3-9% of WBCs; agranulocyte
monocyte
-
provides immunity; 25-33% of WBCs present; agranulocyte
lymphocyte
-
helps control blood loss from broken vessels; 130,000 to 360,000 per microliter
platelets
-
protein dissolved in blood plasma
plasma proteins
-
plasma protein that helps regulate the osmotic concentrations of blood pg. 535
albumins
-
type of protein in blood plasma pg. 535
globulins
-
plasma protein converted into fibrin during blood coagulation
fibrinogen
-
ilnesses indicated by elevated lymphocytess
hairy cell lukemia, whooping cough, mononucleosis
-
illnesses indicated by elevated eosinophils
tapeworm infestation, hookworm infestation, allergic reactions
-
illnesses indicated by elevated monocytes
typhoid fever, malaria, tuberculosis
-
illnesses indicated by elevated neutrophils
bacterial infections
-
illness indicated by too few helper T cells (lymphocytes)
AIDS
-
plasma protein; 60% of total plasma proteins; origin: liver; fxn: helps maintain colloid osmotic pressure
albumin
-
plasma protein; 36% of total plasma proteins
globulin
-
plasma protein; origin: liver; fxn: transport lipids and fat soluble vitamins
alpha globulins & beta globulins
-
plasma protein; origin: lymphatic tissues; fxn: constitute the antibodies of immunity
gamma globulins
-
plasma protein; 4% of total plasma proteins; origin: liver; fxn: plays a key role in coagulation
fibrinogen
-
a nitrogen-containing molecule that is not a protien pg 537
nonprotein nitrogenous substances
-
muscle biochemical that stores energy
creatine phosphate
-
the stoppage of bleeding to limit blood loss
hemostasis
-
release of biochemicals from broken blood vesssels or damaged tissues triggers
extrinsic clotting mechanisim
-
blood contact with foreign surfaces in the absence of tissue damage triggers
intrinsic clotting mechanisim
-
insoluable, fibrous protein formed from fibrinogen during blood coagulation pg.539
fibrin
-
plasma protein that functions in blood clotting pg.539
prothrombin (factor II)
-
plasma protein converted into fibrinogen during blood coagulation pg.539
fibrinogen (factor I)
-
blood clotting enzyme that catalyzes formation of fibrin from fibrinogen p.39
thrombin (factor IIa)
-
process by which changes cause additional similar changes; producing unstable conditions pg.539
positive feedback system
-
fluid portion of coagulated blood
serum
-
blood clot that remains where it formed in blood vessel
thrombus
-
blood clot or gas bubble that carried in the circulation that may obstruct a blood vessel pg.541
embolus
-
an embolus that lodges and blocks blood flow
embolism
-
clumping of blood cells in response to a reaction between an antibody and and antigen
agglutination
-
chemical that stimulates B lymphocytes to produce antibodies pg.544
antigens
-
protein (immunoglobulin) that B cells of the immune system produces to a nonself antigen; it reacts with the antigen pg.532
antibodies
-
memorize chart on pg 546; preferred and permissable blood types for transfusions
pg 546
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