Antibiotics

Staph and strep infections in people with mild-moderate penicillin allergy.

UTI's due to susceptible gram negative bacteria

reduce dose in renal impairment crcl <20mL/min

cholestatic hepatitis

• 250-500mg every 6 hours max 4g daily
• If renal impairment, 250-500 every 8-12 hours
• 200mg 12 hourly for UTI

• Common adverse effects: diarrhoea, nausea, vomiting.
• neurotoxicity
• Finish whole course

• -Exacerbation of chronic bronchitis,
• -community-acquired pneumonia
• -Acute bacterial otitis media,
• - sinusitis
• -Gonococcal infection
• -acute prostatitis,
• - acute pyelonephritis,
• -Acute cholecystitis,
• -peritonitis,

• Infectious mononucleosis - high risk of rash
• Allergy to penicillins

• Rash
• Diarrhoea, nausea
• Clostridium difficile

• 250-500mg 8 hourly, or 1g twice daily
• Reduce in renal impairment

• Take whole course
• Adverse effects

• •Hospital acquired pneumonia
• •UTI
• •Acute bacterial sinusitis - unresponsive to amox

• Infections mononucleosis - risk of rash
• Hepatic impairment

• Increases in bilirubin and liver enzymes
• Rash
• cholestatic hepatitis

500-875mg 12 hourly for 5-10 days

• Take with food
• Take whole course
• Adverse effects
• CMI

• Chlamydia
• Streptococcal Tonsilitis
• community acquired pneumonia
• Travellers diarrhoea

• Prolonged QT interval
• Hepatic imparment

• nausea, vomiting
• rash, headache
• steven johns syndrome

• 500mg once daily on day 1,
• 500mg once daily for two days, or 250mg once daily for 4 days

• Upper and lower respiratory tract infections
• Community acquired pneumonia
• Skin infections

• Prolongation of QT interval
• caution in hepatic impairment

• ototoxicity
• nausea, vomiting, diarrhoea
• candidia infections

• 150mg twice daily
• or 300mg once daily

Best absorbed if taken 15 minutes before food. If you feel sick you can take it with food.

• Otitis media
• H.Influenzae respiratory tract infections
• Acute bacterial sinusitis

• renal impairment
• allergy to cephlasporins
• renal impairment

• serum sickness like syndrome
• diarrhoea, nausea, vomiting
• neurotoxicity

• 250-500mg 8 hourly
• 375-350mg 12 hourly if controlled release

• Take with food, do ot crush or chew
• Finish whole course
• Adverse effects

• Acne
• Rosacea
• M.Pneumonia infections
• Acute bacterial sinusitis
• Malarial prophylaxis

• Only use in first 18 months of pregnancy - afterwards, stains babys teeth
• Treatment with oral retinoids

• Nausea, vomiting, diarrhoea,
• epigastric burning, tooth discolouration,
• bone deformation in kids under 8
• Photosensitivity

200mg on day 1 then reduce to 100mg daily

• Take a single dose in the morning rather than at night
• If for malaria prophylaxis, take doxy two days before entering country and for 2-4 weeks upon returning. See a doctor if illness develops within 12 months of returning.
• Also counsel on approriate insect repellent

• Upper and lower respiratory tract infections
• Rheumatic fever prophylaxis
• Chlaymidial infections in babies

• Avoid use in first trimester
• Prolongation of QT interval
• Treatment of drugs which inhibit CYP450 enzymesn (can increase erythromycin concentrations)

• IV: thrombophlebitis
• torsades de points

• nausea, vomiting, diarrhoea
• candidia

250-500mg every 6-8 hours. Max 4g daily

• This med interacts with many drugs. Tell any health professionals you are taking erythromycin.
• Best if taken 1 hour before or 2 hours after food. If it causes upset stomach, take with food.
• Tell doc if baby is irritable or vomiting whilst taking this.

Vulvovaginal candidiasis

Prolongation of QT interval

• Anorexia
• Fatigue
• Rash, headache, nausea, vomiting

50-200mg once daily for oseophagel candidiasis (upto 400mg in HIV patients with oesophageal candidiasis)

Topical treatment: 150mg single dose

tell your doctor if you feel unusually tired, nauseaus, notice dark coloured urine, pale faeces or yellowing of the eyes and skin

This medication interacts with a lot of drugs

• Dermatophyte infections
• Fungal skin infections

C/I with simvastatin, domperidone,

Adrenal insufficiency

achlorhydric patients - decreased absorption of ketoconazole.

Itch

Fatigue, dizziness, gynecomastia

200mg once daily, increase upto 400mg once daily.

• Best absorption if taken with food.
• Do NOT take antactids within 2 hours since it can impair absorption.
• Tell your doctor if you feel unusually tired, nauseous or are not eating,
• or if you notice dark urine, pale faeces or yellowing of your skin or
• the whites of your eyes.

• clostridium difficile
• Intra-abdominal infections
• Rosacea
• Bacterial vaginosis

• Treatment with disulfiram
• Careful in patients who have seizures
• Careful in patients with blood dyscrasias

• IV: Thrombophlebitis
• Clostridium difficile
• nausea, vomiting, diarrhoea
• seizures, dark urine

200-400mg every 8-12 hours Max 4g daily

• Take with food. Liquid is best absorbed 1hour before food.
• This medication may make you feel dizzy or confused.
• Avoid alcohol during treatment and one day after to prevent nausea, vomiting, flushing, headache, palpitations.

Stop taking metronidazole if you have pain, numbnedd or tingling in hands or feet

• Onchyomycosis
• Dermatophyte infection of skin,groin, feet

psoriasis- may worsen

Careful in renal impairment. Reduce dose if crcl <50ml/min

• Nausea, vomiting, diarrhoea, abdominal pain, elevation of liver enzymes
• Taste disturbances

ochyomycosis- 250mg once daily

• Tell your doctor if you feel unusually tired, nauseous or are
• not eating; or if you notice dark urine, pale faeces or yellowing of the
• whites of your eyes or skin; or if you get fever, mouth ulcers, sore
• throat or unusual bruising.Nail infection: this treatment should cure your nail infection but the nail needs to grow out before it looks completely healthy.

Treatment and prevention of herpes simplex infections

Shingles (varicella zoster virus reactivation)

Acute chickenpox (varicella zoster) in immunocompromised patientsHerpetic eye infections,

• Renal impairment
• Neurological abnormalities

nausea, vomiting, diarrhoea, hallucinations (high dose), headache,

vertigo, confusion, dizziness, oedema, sore throat, abdominal pain, constipation, rash, weakness

400mg three times daily for genital herpes

800mg five times daily for shingles

Make sure that you drink plenty of fluids (at least 1.5–2 L daily).

Recurrent herpes simplex infections: carry a course of tablets with you so that you can start them as soon as you notice symptoms.

Dosage 5 times daily: take every 4 hours during waking hours.

250mg three times daily for infection or shingles