-
Organophosphate
- ex- malathion, diazinon
- irreversibly inhibit AChase
- excess ACh causes SLUDD, miosis
- muscurinic- sm mm, exocrine gland, cranial nn, CNS
- nicotinic- sk mm, CNS
- tx- atropine (musc), glyco 10x dose, 2PAM (nic)
- ddx: strychnine, 1080, garbage tox, lead tox, OP, carbamate
-
Carbamate
- ex- physostigmine, neostigmine, pyridostigmine, sevin
- reversibly inhibit AChase
- excess ACh causes SLUDD, miosis
- ddx: strychnine, OP, carbamate, lead tox, garbage tox, 1080
-
Rotenone
- source- derris
- GI and CNS signs
-
Pyrethrum/Pyrethroid
- source- chrysanthemum
- inhibit GABA
- tremors, mm twitch, aggression, salivation
- tx- bath, support, diazepam
- not safe in cats
-
Limoline
- source- citrus plants
- ataxia, tremos, salivation
- tox 5gm/kg
- cats hypersensitive
-
Strychnine
- source- rodenticide, St. Ignathus bean
- bitter taste, mm twitch, restless, convulsions, resp prob, body arches, death, pain
- resp paralysis, full stomach, action of most powerful mm groups predominates
- tx- pentobarb, support resp, dec sensory stimuli, gastric lavage, empty stomach
- inhibit glycine, acts on Renshaw cells in spinal cord, no effect on brain
- no vomiting
- time of rest broken by slightest sound
- ddx: Sodium fluoroacetate, lead tox, OP, carbamate, garbage tox
-
Sodium fluoroacetate
- ex-1080
- source- coyote control, acacia georginae, oxylobium parviflorum
- vomit, diarrhea, restless, convulsions, death in 2hr
- tx- none, euthanasia
- sub for acetate in acetyl CoA to get fluoro-acetyl CoA, then combine with citrate to get fluorocitrate, irreversibly combine with cis-acontitase
- oderless, colorless, tasteless
- ddx: strychnine, lead tox, OP, carbamate, garbage tox
-
Anticoagulant Rodenticide-1st gen
- ex- Warfarin, dicomarols, cyclocoumarols, indandiones
- source- spoiled sweet clover
- inhibits vit K epoxide reductase, inhibits coagulase proteins C&S, interfere with clotting factors II/VII/IX/X
- blood will not clot, hemorrhage, CNS signs, SQ hematoma, lameness, hypovolemic shock, death
- tx- gently, whole blood, vit K in fatty meal
-
Anticoagulant rodenticide- 2nd gen
- ex- brodifacoum, bromadiolone, difethialone, chlorophacinone
- inhibits vit K epoxide reductase, inhibits coagulase proteins C&S, interfere with clotting factors II/VII/IX/X
- blood will not clot, hemorrhage, CNS signs, SQ hematoma, lameness, hypovolemic shock, death
- tx- longer than 1st gen bc longer half life
-
phosporus
- source- fireworks, full meat diets
- GI irritation, vomitus smells like wet matches, death, icterus, convulsions
- tx- empty stomach, activated charcoal, mineral oil (not veg oil)
- white/yellow form is toxic, red nontoxic
-
zinc phosphide
- source- fumigant
- bloody vomit, abdominal pain, ataxia, weakness, convulsions
- phosphine gas in stomach is toxic (acetylene odor), pulm edema, fatty liver
- tx- empty stomach, MgO to reduce acidity, activated charcoal
- ddx: strychnine
-
cholecalciferol (vit D3)
- ex- 1,25 dihydroxycholecalciferol
- source- solanum, nierembergia, cestrum, stenotaphrum, trisetum
- mobilize Ca causing hypercalcemia
- non-specific clinical signs
- blood phosphorus inc, calciuria, heart stops in systole, calcification of tendons/vessels/kidney
- tx- none, fluids, furosemide, corticosteroids, calcitonin
-
bromethalin
uncoupler of oxidative phosphorylation
-
thalium sulfate
- source- pesticide
- neuro, GI, motor paralysis, coma, death, lacrimation, hyperemic mucous membranes, scaly skin
- skin, renal, hepatic, GI lesions
- tx- Prussian Blue (ferric cyanoferrate), potassium chloride
- pantropic- affects all tissues
- odorless, colorless, tasteless, follows K
-
Avicides- 4-AP, Avitol
- 4- Aminopyridine, Avitol
- source- mixed grain bait
- horse- backing up, falling down, convulsions
- cattle- head down, backing up, tremors
- tx- symptomatic, tranquilizer
- causes alarm rxn in birds, which avoid places with untoward behavior
-
Avicide- Diazacholesterol
- Ornitrol
- interfere with repro
- nontoxic
-
Avicide- mesurol
carbamate
-
Avicide- cholalose
anesthetic
-
Avicide- DRC 1339
methemoglobinemia
-
-
Diethyl Toluamide
- ex- DEET
- source- insect repellant
- mild convulsions
- tx- wash animal, diazepam
- in juvenile female cats
-
Amitraz
- ex- Mitaban
- source- parasiticide for dogs
- alpha 2 agonist
- hypotension, mydriasis, bradycardia, vasoconstriction, ataxia, vomit
- tx- fluids, yohimbine
-
Molluscicide
- ex- Metaldehyde (M-acetaldehyde)
- source- snail or slug killer
- vomit (smells like acetaldehyde), incoordination, inc RR/HR, hypersalivation, cyanosis, hyperesthesia, convulsions, death
- resp failure, cat- nystagmus, hyperemia of liver/lungs/kidney
- tx- pentobarb, diazepam, tx resp dep, evacuate stomach
- horses more sensitive
- ddx: strychnine, 1080
-
Methyl bromide
- source- fungicide
- CNS- inebriation, myocardial dep
-
Phthalimide
- ex- Captan, Folpet
- source- fungicide
- non-specific clinical signs
- hydrothorax, ascites
-
Carbamate Derivitives
- source- fungicide
- Does NOT inhibit AChase
-
Uncoupling agents
- ex- alpha DNP, PCP
- source- fungicide
- dissipates proton gradient in mitochondria, prevents ATP formation, excess O2 consumption, heat produced
- rapid onset of rigor mortis
- tx- ice packs, cold water enema, fluid therapy
-
Phenoxy Derivatives of Fatty Acids
- ex- 2,4-D, 2,4,5-T, agent orange
- source- brush control, plant growth regulators, ingest diluted form, high app rate
- muscle rigidity, dep, rear limb weakness
- undigested food in rumen, congested kidney, hyperemia and enlarged LN
-
Amide compounds
- ex- propanil
- source- toxic under conditions of use, plant regulator
- non-specific clinical signs
- hemorrhage in GI, congested kidney and lung
-
Urea compounds
- non-specific clinical signs
- congested tissues
-
thiocarbamate compounds
- muscle spasms, ataxia
- congested tissues
- Does NOT inhibit AChase
-
triazines
- ex- artrazine, simazine
- source- toxic under conditions of use
- muscle spasms, atatxia
- congested tissues
-
Bipyridyl compounds
- ex- paraquat, diquat, morfamquat
- source- defoliant for cotton
- inhibit NADPH2, singlet O2 attacks unsat lipids
- 20-30% remain and cause prob, hyperexcitability, incoordination, resp prob
- later death= pulm congestion
- chronic= pulm fibrosis
- tx- unsuccessful, O2 will exacerbate dev of lung lesions
-
-
Sodium chlorate
- source- desiccant herbicide
- GI irritation, hemolysis, methemoglobinemia (Fe3+ will not carry O2)
- brownish discoloration
- tx- methylene blue (6mth withdrawal)
-
Trifolium
- subterranean clover- phytoestrogen
- infertility
- affects blood
|
|
