chapter 10 disease

central nervous system

carry impulses to the brain and spinal cord

carry impulses from the CNS to organs that produce responses

nerves that function involuntarily or automatically

stimulate body in times of crisis

slow down heart rate, lower blood pressure, stimulate intestinal contractions

individual nerve cell

branching fibers of the neuron

space between neurons

transfer impulse across synapse

help ward off infections

Brain and spinal cord

Cranial nerves(12), Spinal nerves(31), Autonomic Nerves (Parasympathetic, Sympathetic)

Left and Right

cerebrospinal fluid protect spinal cord from shock.

Thinking, Personality, Sensations, Movements, memory

Relay station ("triage center") for sensory impulses, control of awareness and conciousness

body temperature, sleep, appetite, emotions, control of the pituitary gland

coordination of voluntary movements and balance

connection of nerves (to the eyes and face)

nerve fibers cross over, contains center to regulate heart, blood vessels, and respiratory system

a fan of nerve fibers

contain cell bodies and dendrites

contain nerve fiber tracts with myelin sheaths

three layers of connective tissue membranes that surround the brain and spinal cord

loosely attached to the other meninges by web like fibers

third layer of meninges closest to the brain contains delicate connective tissue with rich supply of blood vessels

abnormal sensation

paralysis of all four extremeties

abnormal accumulation of fluid (CSF) in the brain

congenital defects in the lumbar spinal column caused by inprefect union of vertebral parts

posterio vertebrae have not fused. sign mole dimple patch of hair

external protruding sac contains meninges and CSF

brain disorder marked by gradual and progressive mental deterioration

sudden loss of conciousness, falling down, and then tonic contractions

momentary clouding of conciousness and loss of awarenes of the person's surroundings

hereditary disorder marked by degenerative changes in the cerebrum leading to abrupt involuntary movements and menatal deterioration.

destruction of the myelin sheath on neurons in the CNS and its replacemnt by plaques of sclerotic (hard) tissue

autoimmune neuromuscular disorder characterized by weakness of vouluntary muscles.

paralysis

paralysis on one side of the face

degeneration of neurons in the basal ganglia, occuring in later life and leading to tremors, weakness of muscles, and slowness of movement.

involuntary, spasmodic, twitching movements; uncontrollable vocal sounds; and inappropriate words

viral infection affecting peripheral nerves

temporary brain dysfunction clearing within 24 hours

bruising of brain as result of direct trauma to the head; persists longer than 24 hours

• cerebrovascular accident
• thrombotic blood clot
• embolic dislodged thrombus
• hemorrhagic blood vessel raptures

x-ray imaging of the spinal canal

recording of the electrical activity of the brain

lumbar puncture

transient Ischemic Attack