AP_Chapter_13.txt

substance secreted by and endocrine gland and transported into the blood

cell with specific receptors on which a hormones exerts its effect

type of endocrine secretion in which the hormone affects nearby cells

hormone that acts on the same cell that secreted it

gland that secretes its products into a duct or onto a body surface

(lipids) type of organic molecule including complex rings of carbon and hydrogen atoms;
all are derived from cholesterol;
includes sex hormones such as testosterone and the estrogens, and secretions of the adrenal cortex, aldosterone and cortisol

hormones called amines;
derived from the amino acid tyrosine;
synthesized in the adrenal medulla (inner portion of the adrenal gland);
include: protien hormones, peptide hormones, prostglandins

a steroid hormone;
action: stimulate the kidneys to retain sodium

a second messenger

organic compound that activates an enzyme bound to the inner surface of a cell membrane, eliciting a signal

enzyme activate when certian hormones bind receptors on cell membranes;
it catalyzes the circularization of ATP to cyclic AMP/cAMP

enzyme that catalyzes the reaction to form a phosphoprotein

a mechanisim that restores a biochemical or other balance in which build up of a product supresses its synthesis

a hormone that has an endocrine gland as its target tissue

endocrine gland attached to the base of the brain that consists of anterior and posterior lobes;
the hypophysis
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hormone released by the anterior lobe of the pituitary gland that promotes the growth of the organism

protein that promotes milk production

glycoprotein that controls certain hormones from the thyroid gland;
can also stimulate growth of the thyroid gland;
abnormally high levels lead to goiter

peptide that controls the manufacture and secretion of certain hormones from the outer layer (cortex) of the adrenal gland

glycoprotein;
substance secreted by the anterior pituitary gland to stimulate development of an ovarian follicle in a femal or production of sperm cells in a male
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a hormone that the anterior pituitary secretes that controls formation of the corpus luteum in females and testosterone secretion in males

hormone of the posterior pituitary gland that enhances water conservation in the kidneys; ADH, vasopressin

hormone released by the posterior lobe of the pituitary gland that contracts smooth muscles in the uterus and mammary glands

endocrine gland just below the larnyx and in front of the trachea that secretes thyroid hormones

narrow connection between two larger parts.

two important thyroid hormones that affect cellular metabolic rates

hormone secreted by the thyroid gland (T4)

hormone secreted by the thyroid gland (T3); five times more potent that T4

thyroid hormone that regulates blood calcium concentration; helps lower concentrations of calcium and phosphate ions by decreasing the rate at chich they leave the bones and enter extracellular fluids by inhibiting bone destruction by osteoclasts; increases excretion by kidneys.

hyperthyroidism and graves disease are caused by:

hashimoto diesase (antibodies against self attck thyroid cells resulting in hypothyroidism); hypothyroidism, and simple goiter are caused by:

symptoms: stunted growth, abnormal bone formation, mental retardation, low body temperature, sluggishness

symptoms: low metabolic rate, sensitivity to cold, sluggishness, poor appetite, swollen tissues, mental dullness

symptoms: autoantibodies (against self) bind TSH receptors on thyroid cell membranes, mimicking action of TSH, overstimulating gland (hyperthyroidism); exopthalmia (protusion of the eyes) and goiter

symptoms: high metabolic rate, sensitivity to heat, restlessness, hyperactivity, weight loss, protruding eyes, goiter

one of four small endocrine glands embedded in the posterior part of the thyroid gland.

hormone secreted by the parathyroid glands that helps regulate the level of blood calcium and phosphate ions

endocrine gland on the superior portion of each kidney

inner part of the adrenal gland

outer part of the adrenal gland

epinephrine and norpinephrine are hormones of the

hormone the adrenal medulla secretes during times of stress

neurotransmitter released from the axons of some nerve fibers

produces aldosterone, cortisol, and sex hormones

adrenal cortical hormone that regulates sodium and potassium ion concentrations and fluid volume

supplement sex hormones from the gonads; may be converted into estrogens

glandular organ in the abdominal cavitiy that secretes hormones and digestive enzymes

hormone secreted by the pancreatic islets that releases glucose from glycogen

hormone the pancreatic islets secrete that stimulates cells to take up glucose

hormone secreted by the pancreatic islets that inhibits the release of growth hormone

hormone that the pineal gland secretes

pattern ofrepeated activity associated with the cycles of night and day

glandular organ in the mediastinum, behind the sternum and between the lungs

group of peptides the thymus gland secretes that increases production of certian types of white blood cells

response to factors perceived as life threatening

factor that can stimulate a stress response