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Mycorrhizae
- mutualistic relationship b/t plant roots and fungi
- mycelium inc root surface area
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Haustoria
nutrient absorbing hyphal tips that penetrate tissues of the host
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Characteristics of Fungi
- eukaryotic
- mostly multicellular
- no locomotion
- heterotrophic by absorption
- decomposers
- chitin
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Basidiomycota
- club fungi
- ex: mushrooms
- produce basidiocarps from dikaryotic mycelium, which are lined with basidia. releases basidiospores
- asexually: none or conidia
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Ascomycota
- sac fungi
- ex: cup fungi
- produce ascocarps lined with asci. each ascus contains 8 ascospores
- asexually by conidia (naked spores released from tips of specialized hyphae)
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Zygomycota
- conjugation fungi
- ex: Rhizopus
- asexually by sporangia
- + and - hyphae combine to form zygosporangia, which releases zygospores
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Asexually vs Sexual
- both produce spores
- asexual: conidia, sporangia, none
- sexual: ascospores, basidiospores, zygospores
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closest relative
- animals
- comparisons of proteins and rRNA
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Lichens
- symbiotic association of photosynthetic microorganisms (algae or cyanobacteria) held in a mesh of fungal hyphae
- 3 shapes - shrublike, leaflike, paint smearlike
- asexual reproduction - soredia or fragmentation of parent lichen
- sexual reproduction - ascocarps/basidiocarps
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Soredia
small clusters of hyphae with embedded algae
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Septate vs Aseptate (coencytic)
- septate: divide hyphae into cells. have pores large enough for ribosomes,mitochondria, nuclei
- aseptate: continuous cytoplasm with hundreds or thousands of nuclei
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Mycelia
interwoven mat formed by the hyphae
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Syngamy
- karyogamy- fusion of the haploid nuclei
- plasmogamy- fusion of the cytoplasms
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Deuteromycota
- imperfect fungi
- no sexual reproduction
- asexual by conidia
- ex: ring worm fungi
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