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Seedless Vascular vs Seeded Vascular
- Seeded Vascular - seeds (diploid). contain pollen
- Seedless Vascular - use spores (haploid)
- Both - Vascular Tissue
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Tracheids
long tapered cells. mechanical support and water transport. xylem cells
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Vessel Elements
xylem cell. short and wide. arranged end to end to form continuous tubes (xylem vessels) that are more efficient than tracheids at transporting water
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Angiosperms
- have flowers-reproductive structures
- sepals
- petals
- androecium (stamen) - male. anther and filament
- gynoecium (carpal) - stigma, style, ovary
- vessel elemnts
- fruits (cover seeds)
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Gymnosperms
- naked seeds (lack ovaries)
- sporophylls
- Coniferophyta (conifers) - ex: pine, fir, spruce
- Cycadophyta (cycads) - ex: sago palm
- Ginkgophyta (ginkgoes) - ex: Ginkgo biloba
- Gnetophyta - ex: gnetina
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Monocots
- one cotyledon
- parallel venation in leaves
- vascular bundles scattered in stem
- flower parts in 3s
- ex: grasses
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Dicots
- 2 cotyledons
- branched venation
- vascular bundles in ring
- flower parts in 4s and 5s
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Double Fertilization
during fertilization, one sperm fertilizes egg to form zygote, other combines with 2 polar bodies to create 3n endosperm which serves as nutrients
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Epiphytes
use other plants as a substrate. not parasitic
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Similarites between Gymnosperms and Angiosperms
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