Textiles

(weft or woof) in weaving, the crosswise yarn(s) that interlace at right angles with the lengthwise warp.

• Device on a loom to carry the filling yarn through the shed to interlace it with the warp
• (shed shoots through the shuttle)

The alignment of vertical and horizontal elements in a fabric to form a right-angle relationship

Open weave used for casements, which achieves extra stability by twisting the warp yarns around each other and inserting the filling yarn.

Pile weave: construction in which cut or uncut loops protrude from the ground cloth.

Raid ridge running lengthwise, crosswise, or diagonally on fabric

Long, fine, natural protein hair fiber obtained from the domesticated south American Alpaca

Synthetic elastic fibers composed of segmented polyurethane

• Natural cellulose yarn made from flax fibers
• Noted for strength, cool hand, and luster; low resilience

Lump or knot in a yarn: may be a defect or pruposely spun to produce a textured surface in a cloth

Part of novelty yarns

Twisting the yarns

• Breed of sheep yielding a high grade wool used for fine woolen and worsted cloth.
• Very soft

Fabric in which the entire surface is covered with flocking to produce a velvet-like / suade-like texture

Metal disc with numerous fine holes which a chamical solution is extruded to produce synthetic fibers

Manufactured fiber in which the fiber-forming substance is a long-chain syntehtic polymer composed on a complex ester.

• Silk / metallic yarn spiral-wrapped closely around an inner core to cover it completely.
• Has different sized loops twisted back on it.

Natural or manufactured fiber that has a relatively short length

Non-woven fabric made of fibers joined through the application of heat, agitation, and moisture, or by mechanical treatment.

• Textile fiber made from a petrochemical rather than a natural base
• (Polyester, nylon, olefin, etc)

Warp and weft and 1:1

In weaving (loom), a single passage of filling yarn through the warp shed.

Natural or manufactured fiber derived from a mineral, such as asbestor or fiberglass

• Any pliable material whether woven, knitted, felted, knotted, or extruded
• Ex. thread count

Process used for all natural fibers, in which they are seperated and brought into general alignment prior to pricing.

Processed fiber of the long, silky hair of the Angora goat.

• Short or broken fiber of flax, hemp, or synthetic materials used for yarn, twine, or stuffing.
• Roping

Weaving flas; broken yarns which are tied, and usually pulled through to the back of the fabric

Manufactured fiber that is a modification of acetate with a higher ratio of acetate to cellulose.

Rectangular frame on a loom that holds the heddles (wires) through which the warp yarns pass.

Raising of silkworms and production of silk

• Fine, oriental bast fiber.
• Cellulose fiber.

Brand name for Polyester

As a fiber breaks up, the two free ends tend to roll back in the opposite directions, forming a fuzzy ball on the fabric surface

• Most common rayon formed by converting cellulose into a soluble form and regenerating it into a fiber
• Solution of Rayon.

A fabric with a pronounced horizontal or vertical rib

Yarns constructed in such a way as to produce a bulky or uneven or otherwise special appearance.

• Attachment that uses a punched card system to raise and lower single heddles (wires).
• Produces complex patterns such as tapestry and brocade.

• The tightness and direction of the twist spun into a yarn.
• S-twist: clockwise twist, most common
• Z-twist: counter-clockwise twist

A fuzzy caterpillar-like yarn of cotton or manufactured fibers.

Threads that run crosswise in a woven fabric, at right angles to the warp threads.

3 ply yarn with tight loops projecting from strand at regular intervals similar to loop and curl yarns.

Chamical compound consisting of repeating monomers joined end to end to form a polymer chain

Holds base and effect yarns together

• 3-element woven fabric simlar to discontinuousbrocade.
• Tiny little repeated patterns.

Strong natural cellulose fiber used in making cord and matting

• The susceptibility of a fiber to various dye-stuffs.
• How a fiber accepts a dye.

Bundle of fiber that are carded and combed and arranged in parallel alignment before spinning

• A manufactured fiber composed of acetylated cellulose.
• Cellulose fiber.

• Organic fibrous substance found in all vegetation that is the basic constituent of both natural and manufactured fibers.
• Ex. cotton, linen, jute, rayon.

Basic weave taht produces a surface of diagonal lines by passing filling threads over 2 or more ends in a regular progression.

A modified acrylic fiber composed of copolymers of acrylonitrile and other materials such as vinyl chloride, which enable the fiber to be softened at low temperatures.

Warp and weft in yarns are uneven.

Beating fabric

Simplest method of interlacing warp and weft yarns to make cloth

Fiber composed of acrylontrile units which are derived from petrochemical by-products

Fiber of indefinite length, either natural (silk) or manufactured

Raw material from which fiberglass fibers are made

Cellulosic fiber

• The rotting of flax.
• Soaking the bast fiber plants to permit bacterial or chemical breakdown of the other bark that loosens the fibers.

Goat native to Turkey from which the natural protein fiber, mohair, is obtained; a wool variant.

• Yarn that controls design or appearance, decorative.
• (Novelty or complex yarn)

A single strand of yarn

Olefin fiber made of propylene

• Random clot of short, dense fibers incorporated durig spinning.
• Novelty yarn.

Comb-like device on a loom through which the warp ends pass

• Warp-faced fabric in a satin weave.
• Basic weave in which the fabric face is composed almost entirely of warm or filling floats, producing a smooth, lustrous surface.

Plant from which linen is produced

Reinforced edge on either side of a woven or flat knitted cloth, finished to prevent raveling.

A novelty yarn constructed by twisting a heavy yarn around a fine yarn

Natural protein fiber unwound from the cocoon of the silkworm

Lengthwise yarns in a woven fabric, running vertically through the loom parallel to the selvages

Smooth, compact yarns spun from carded and combed long wool fibers. Worsted fibers are more closely constructed and have smoother finishes than woolens.

A mechanical loom attachment that can regulate as many as 40 harnesses to produce small, geometric patterns

Synthetic fibers produced from either polyethylene or polypropylene.

Narrow ulholstery fabric woven with a filling of long, single tail hairs.

Any fiber, yarn, or fabric using a metal (gold, aluminum, steel, etc) as part of its structure

Structural pattern in which yarns are interlaced to produce fabric

Movable frame on a loom that holds the read and packs the filling yarns into place

Machine that produces woven textiles by interlacing warp and filling yarns at right angles to each other

Horizontal or crosswise element in a woven cloth

The process of making carded fibers parallel and removing simpurities and short fibers before spinning

Fuzzy, loosely twisted yarn spun from carded short wool fibers

Balanced plain weave in which two or more warp yarns interlace with two or more filling yarns.

Course, natural, cellulose fiber used primarily in burlap and carpet backing

Any form of spun, twisted or extruded fibers, natural or manufactured, that can be used in weaving, knitting, or knotting

Caustic soda treatment for cloth and linen, which makes the yarn or cloth stronger, and increases luster and dye affinity

Synthetic polyamide fiber

• The space formed as the harnesses of a loom raise some warp yarns and lower other, through which the shuttle passes to lay in the filling.
• Shed shoots through the shuttle.

Removal of natural gums from silk yarn or fabric by boiling in a mild alkaline solution.