Children will respond to _________ types of stimuli better at _____________ age levels.
Various, Different
They will usually not respond at hearing threshold, but at a minimum________ _______. (two words)
response level
Responses vary from ________ acknowledgment of a ________ to __________ movement of the _______.
voluntary, signal, involuntary, body
T or F
Small children usually respond at a level that may be well under their threshold?
False, well above their threshold
T or F
Responses are always left to the clinicians interpretation?
False, sometimes left to the clinicians interpretation.
Working with children requires frequent _________ of testing procedures?
modification
T or F
A trained clinician will be able to discern normal body movements from responses when dealing with small children?
True
Hearing loss interferes with the natural acquisition of __________ and _______ by interrupting the __________ process.
Speech, Language, imitative
(Infants under 3 months of age)
Remembering that hearing is #1 order event, a hearing loss will affect the ___________ of skills necessary to acquire __________ language, ________/__________ and other academic skills.
acquisition, spoken, reading/writing
(Infants under 3 months) Hearing loss in infants is often undetected due to lack of _________ follow up.
parent
T or F
Babbling occurs for hearing and hearing impaired infants up to 6 months of age?
True
T or F
After 6 months of age children with impaired auditory feedback gradually increase their vocalizations?
False, they decrease their vocalizations
The purpose of Early Hearing Detection & Intervention (EHDI) is
to identify children with hearing loss before the age of 3 months.
What criteria is necessary for a justified screening program?
1. Sufficient prevalence of the disorder
2. Evidence of early detection due to screenings
3. Availabiltiy of follow up diagnostics
4. treatment accessibility following diagnosis
5. Documented advantage of early indentification.
Why was the Apgar developed?
For a system to evaluate newborns.
What does APGAR stand for?
(A)ppearance
(P)ulse
(G)rimace
(A)ctivity
(R)espiration
T or F
Children with a low Apgar score should also be suspected of having a CHL. (conductive hearing loss)
False (SNHL)
Proper training is infant screening is necessary for _____________ and also ____________ of the parents.
identification, counseling
T or F
Childen with normal hearing may refer on the screening, so its important to know how to relay the info. without traumatizing the parents?
True
(JCIH) stands for?
Joint Committee on Infant Hearing
Joint Committe on Infant Hearing created
a high risk registry containing a list of indicators of hearing loss.
T or F
Universal Newborn Hearing Screening(UNHS) was used instead of the high risk registry but now accompanies the hearing screening.
True
Use of the risk registry only was invalid due to the ___________ nature of many hereditary hearing losses.
recessive
T or F
Cost effectiveness (of infant hearing screening)is validated due to the amount of money it would cost for the rehabilitiation of late identified children with hearing loss?
True
The ________ is the "gold star" of screening, but still has some disadvantanges.
ABR
A disadvantage of the ABR is
1.Lack of frequency specific information
2. dependence on chronological ages
3. Proper training/placement of electrodes.
(Neonatal ABR Screening) Automated systems have ___________ the need for tester interpretation of results
decreased
T or False
(Neonatal OAE Screening) Assuming an infant ears produce evoked emissions and have normal peripheral hearing, no worse that a 30 db hearing loss, presence of even a slight conductive loss eliminates measurable emissions.
True
Not a great question, its in chapter 7,
14th slide if you want to look at it in context.
(neonatal OAE Screening) only test the __________ ________ of the cochlea.
outer cells
A lesion past the _________ will still produce OAE's with a ________ _______.
cochlea, normal cochlea
A lesion past the cochlea is called
Retrocochlear
(Neonatal OAE Screening) A Failed screening OAE shows _______ hair cell damage or a possible ________ _______.
Outer, conductive loss
AN/AD stands for
Auditory Neuropathy/dys-synchrony
T or F
AN/AD is missed during a OAE only screening
True
OAE's test the __________ hair cells, but do not reveal how the ___________ responds.
outer, brain
Patients with AN/AD have no _______, no __________ reflexes and __________ OAE's.
ABR, acoustic, normal
T or F
Normal OAE's can be seen in some patients whose behavioral audiograms imply total deafness?
True
The purpose of early identification is to
provide the greatest opportunity possible for educational success.
EHDI programs have 3 components they are:
1. birth admission hearing screening
2. follow up diagnostic evaluations for referrals
3. implementing intervention before 6 months of age
_________ may come from a hospital screening or due to parental, caregiver or pediatrician concerns regarding auditory development.
referrals
Pretest observations should include?
1. child's relationship with caregiver
2. their gait
3. Standing Position
4. Gengeral motor performance
5. Methods of communication
Present OAE's show hearing is not worse than the level of a __________ hearing loss.
mild
Tympanometry can be used to determine
1. abnormal middle ear pressure
2. eustachian tube dysfunction
3. presence of fluid
4. ossicle mobility
5. perforated TM
6. Patency of PE tubes
T or F
Presence of OAE's and normal acoustic immittance findings rule out middle ear pathology and anything worse that a mild hearing loss before pure tone testing even begins.
True
This one didn't make sense to me but I typed it word for word, it didn't make sense because of the slide before it. Chapter 7 slides 20 and 21 if you wanna check it out for yourself.
Obtaining test results on _________ is over half the battle.
children
An experienced team of clinicians can often work so efficiently that children are ______________ and _________ before they have time to object.
distracted, tested
At ______ year(s) of age, the child with hearing loss begin to lose the potential for normal spoken language development.
1
T or F
Screening and early intervention is crucial?
True
A child with normal hearing sensitivity is acquiring __________ information with the __________ input they are receiving to increase imitative learning.
auditory, visual
When testing younger children, it is noted that a ___________ frequency range will catch their attention sooner.
broader
What is the danger of using a broad frequency range stimulus?
because children with hearing loss may have normal hearing sensitivity in some frequency regions.
(ex. a precipitous, profound SNHL)
BOA stands for
Behavioral Observation Audiometry
BOA (Behavioral Observation Audiometry) is used during the first ____________ to ________ months of age. Uses ______ clinicians to direct and test the child. Observes the _____ and ______ movements of children when responding to sound
6,8
2
eye, head
T or F
On BOA's you can use noise makers that are calibrated? This works on the childs ___________ but does little to specify the configuration of the hearing loss due to lack of _____________ __________.
False, you can use ones that are NOT calibrated.
instrument calibration
Sound Field Audiometry process:
1. child placed in sound suite wth 2 calibrated speakers for testing
2. Child responses may vary(eye movement, head turning, facial expressions, crying etc)
3. The is of BOA is advantageous due to the calibration of the sound source
4. the use of voice, pure tones,and noise are used to obtain responses.
VRA stands for
Visual Reinforcement Audiometry
(VRA) the use of sound field audiometry is still employed, but now with __________ reinforcement to obtain responses.
Visual
(VRA) A stimulus is played thorugh one of the speakers and a _________ reinforcement is used to reinforce the child's response.
visual
T or F
(VRA) reinforcement may be lighted/animated toy, a _______ or ________ or anything that evokes the child's interest.
picture, video
Sound Field Test Stimuli are used to elicit ________ in the sound field when ________ children.
responses, testing
T or F
When talking about Sound Field testing, there is a general consensus on which stimuli are best suited for small children?
False, there is NOT a general consensus.
______________ noise is often used to elicit responses due to the child's frequent response levels
Narrowband
A narrowband noise and a pure-tone response is the same response?
