-
measure of total population relative to land size
Population Density
-
The population of a country expressed as an average per unit area
Arithmetic Population Density
-
number of people per unit area of agriculturally productive land
Physiological population density
-
Descriptions of locations on the Earth's surface where individuals or groups live
Population Distribution
-
huge urban agglomerations
megalopolis
-
amount of time it takes for a population to double
doubling time
-
the number of live births per year per thousand people in the population
Crude Birth Rate
-
the number of deaths per year per thousand people
Crude Death Rate
-
Stages of the Demographic Transition
- 1. Low-growth stage
- 2. High-growth stage
- 3. Moderate-growth stage
- 4. Stationary-stage
-
Low Growth Stage
high birth and death rates
-
High Growth Stage
high birht rate and declining death rate
-
Moderate Growth Stage
declining birth rate and low death rate
-
Stationary Stage
low birth and death rate
-
the difference betweenthe number of births and the number of deaths
Rate of natural increase
-
the number of babies that die during the first year of their life
Infant Mortality Rate
-
amount of deaths of children between ages 1 and 5
child mortality rate
-
the number of years someone is expected to be alive
life expectancy
-
afflictions of middle and old age people, often reflecting higher life expectancies
Chronic diseases
-
policies that encourage large families and rate of natural increase
Expansive population policy
-
population policies that favor one particular racial of cultural sector of the population
Eugenic population policy
-
policies that seek to reduce the rate of natural increase
Restrictive population policies
-
monies that migrants send home to their family
remittances
-
movement in short periods away from home
Cyclic movement
-
Movement that involves longer periods away from home
Periodic Movement
-
when movement results in permanent relocation across significant distances
Migration
-
a daily routine or a regular sequence of short moves within a local area
activity spaces
-
type of cyclic movement that is seasonal
nomadism
-
typeof periodic movement which involves people seeking areas for work
migrant labor
-
specialized form of periodic movement, a system of pastoral farming where ranchers move livestock according to availablity
transhumance
-
movement across country borders
International migration/external migration
-
migration that occurs within a single country's borders
Internal Migration
-
the imposition of authority or power, producing involuntary movements that cannot be understood based on theories of choice
Forced Migration
-
occurs after a migrant weighs options and choices
Voluntary migration
-
Ravenstein's Laws of Migration
- 1. Every migration flow generates a return or counter-migration
- 2. The majority of migrants move a short distance.
- 3. Migrants who move longer distances tend to choose big-city destinations.
- 4. Urban residents are less migratory than inhabitants of rural areas.
- 5. Families are less likely to make international moves than young adults.
-
predicts the interaction between places on the basis of their population size and distance between them.
Gravity model
-
conditions and perceptions that help the migrant decide to leave a place
Push factors
-
things that attract the migrant to a different location
Pull factors
-
the effects of distance on interaction, generally the greater the distance the less interaction
Distance-decay
-
migration in a series of stages
step migration
-
the presence of a nearer opportunity that greatly diminishes the attactiveness of sites farther away
Intervening opportunity
-
when a migrant chooses a destination and writes, calls, or communicates through others to tell family and freinds at home about the new place
Chain migration
-
place built up by a government or corporation to attract foreign investment and which has relatively high concentration of paying jobs and infrastructure
Islands of Development
-
a person who has a well founded fear of being persecuted for reasons of race, religion, nationality, membership of a particular social group, or political opinion.
Refugee
-
people who have been displaced within their own country
internal refugee
-
people who have crossed one or more international borders during their move and encamped in a country other than their own.
International refugee
-
individuals with certain backgrounds are barred from entering a country
Selective immigration
|
|
