-
Most common age of onset of breast cancer in women.
50
-
Race breast cancer is most prominent in.
Whites
-
Exposure to _________ to chest, commonly used to treat Hodgkin's disease, increases the chances of breast cancer.
Ionizing radiation
-
Risk factors for breast cancer are menarche before the age of ___ and menopause after the age of ___.
-
First full-term pregnancy after the age of ___ increases a woman's risk for breast cancer.
30
-
How often are clinical breast exams recommended for women ages 20-39?
every 3 years
-
How ofter are clinical breast exams recommended for women above the age of 40?
Annually
-
Vitamin E supplements may be used by women to reduce _______ and _______ of the breast.
edema and tenderness
-
A diet high in _______ increases a woman's risk of breast cancer.
methylxanthines
-
A personal history or ______, ______, and ______ cancers increase the risk of breast cancer.
-
Pain or edema occuring bilaterally in the breast is most likely attributed to ______.
Hormonal effects
-
Pain or edema in one breast is more likely to suggest __________.
Pathologic conditions
-
Enlargement of one or both breast in men.
gynecomastia
-
When is gynecomastia most prevalent?
puberty and late adulthood
-
Though uncommon, nipple discharge in men with breast cancer is often _______.
Serosanguineous
-
Breast cancer is the _____ leading cancer-related cause of death in the U.S.
second
-
At what age should a woman with average risk of breast cancer begin annual mammographies?
40
-
A unilateral breast rash surrounding the nipple could be associated with this rare form of breast cancer.
Paget's disease
-
What is peau d'orange?
Orange-like texture of the breast caused by edema.
-
When can nipple inversion be considered normal?
If it is not a new finding and can be manipulated into eversion
-
Nipples pointing in different directions can be considered _______.
Abnormal
-
Supranumerary nipples are considered _____ and look like pink or brown moles.
normal
-
A red, scaly nipple with discharge lasting more than a few weeks can be a sign of what?
Paget's disease
-
Types of nipple discharge -
carcinoma, ductal ectasia
serosanguineous
-
Typed of nipple discharge -
carcinoma, intraductal papilloma, prepartum women
bloody serosanguineous
-
Types of nipple discharge -
pharmacological causes, carcinoma, galactorrhea
clear
-
Types of nipple discharge -
infection, ductal ectasia
purulent
-
Types of nipple discharge -
Fibrocytic changes, carcinoma, infection, ductal ectasia
green, gray, or brown
-
How do you chech a patient for dimples or retraction?
Have them raise their arms in the air
-
Should a nurse be able to palpate lymph nodes of the breast?
No
-
How do you palpate breast tissue?
2-3 fingers in all 4 quadrants and tail of Spence
-
3 conditions that could cause lumps or masses.
- Breast cancer
- Fibroadenoma
- Fibrocystic breast disease
-
3 methods of breast palpations
- Circular
- Wedge
- Verticle strip
-
8 charactersitics to note when breast masses appear.
- Size
- Shape
- Consistency
- Tenderness
- Mobility
- Borders
- Retractions (dimples)
-
Firm transverse ridge along the lower edge of the breast that is considered normal.
inframammary ridge
-
Commonly manifests as a hard, painless, irregular nodule, often fixed to an area below the nipple.
Breast cancer in men
-
Correct term for breast development.
Thelarche
-
A localized accumulation of lymph fluid in the interstitial spaces caused by removal of lymph nodes.
Lymphedema
-
Common causes of gynecomastia
(4)
- Medications
- Adrenal or Testicular tumors
- Liver disease
- Renal disease
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