Bio Lecture Ch 41 Vocab

• a chemical signal produced in minute amounts in one site
• then transported to another site to act on a target cells

a body system that includes a variety of cells that produce / release hormonal chemical signals into the extracellular fluid

cells that secrete chemical signals

a cell with the appropriate receptors to bind and respond to a particular hormone or other chemical mediator

a chemical signal that acts locally near the site of excretion

a chemical signal that binds to / affects the cellthat makes it

an aggregation of secretory cells that secrete hormones in the blood

any gland the secretes to the outside of the body

• a substance produced and released by a neuron
• diffuses across a synapse and excites / inhibits another cell

• a chemical signal
• produced / released by neurons
• acts as a hormone

a chemical substance used in communication between organisms of the same species

a hormone that maintains growth and prevents maturation

• a rapid physiological response to a sudden threat
• mediated by epinephrin

• -peptides / proteins
• -Steroid hormones
• -amine hormones

a gland that coordinates water balance, reproduction, temperature regulation, and metabolism

• a small gland attached to the base of the brain
• its hormones control the activities of other glands

• a hormone that promotes water reabsorption by the kidneys
• produced by neurons in the hypothalamus
• released by nerve terminals in the posterior pituitary

• a hormone released by the posterior pituitary
• promotes social bonding

the portion of the pituitary gland that produces tropic hormones

• hormones produced by the anterior pituitary
• control the secretion of hormones by other endocrine glands

• a peptide hormone released by the anterior pituitary
• stimulates many anabolic processes

molecules in the brain that act as neurotransmitters in pathways that control pain

molecules in the brain that act as neurotransmitters in pathways that control pain

vessels that bridge the gap between the hypothalamus and the anterior pituitary

• a hormone produced by the hypothalamus
• stimulates the anterior pituitary to release thyrotropin

• a hormone produced by the hypothalamus
• stimulates the anterior pituitary to release gonadotropin

• -Thyroid Releasing Hormone (TRH)
• -Gonadotropin-releasing Hormone
• -Prolactin-releasing / release-inhibiting hormones
• -Growth hormone releasing hormone
• -Growth hormone release-inhibiting hormone (somatostatin)
• -Corticotropin releasing hormone

• a 2 lobed gland
• produces thyroxin

• a hormone produced by the thyroid gland
• controls many metabolic processes

a glycoprotein which the follicle cells synthesis into tyrosine residue

• a hormone produced by the anterior pituitary
• stimulates the thyroid gland to produce / release thyroxin

• forms a goiter
• excess production of thyroxin

• forms a goiter
• thyroxine deficiency

• deposition / absorption of bone
• excretion / retention of calcium in the kidneys
• absorption of calcium from the digestive tract

• hormone produced by the thyroid gland
• lowers blood calcium and promotes bone formation

• four glands on the posterior of the thyroid
• produces and releases parathyroid hormones

• a hormone secreted by the parathyroid glands
• stimulates osteoclast activity
• raises blood calcium levels

• not a vitamin
• can be synthesized (in skin cells)
• a hormone

• a gland located near the stomach
• secretes digestive enzymes into the small intestine
• releases insulin into the bloodstream

a hormone synthesized in the Islet cells of the pancreas that promote the conversion of glucose into glycogen

clusters of hormone-producing cells in the pancreas

• Beta cells (produces / secrete insulin)
• Alpha cells (produces / secretes glucagon)
• Delta Cells (produces / secretes somatostatin)

• a hormone produced by the alpha cells in the pancreatic islets of Langerhans
• stimulates the liver to break down glycogen and release glucose into the circulatory system

• a peptide hormone made in the hypothalamus
• inhibits the release of other hormones from the pituitary and intestine

• an endocrine gland located near the kidneys
• has two parts (cortex and medulla)

• the core of the adrenal gland
• produces epinephrine and norepinephrine
• under control of the nervous system

• Epinephrine
• norepinephrine

• surrounds the medulla
• produces steroid hormones
• this is under hormonal control

steroid hormones produced and released by the cortex of the adrenal gland

• -Glucocorticoids
• -Sex Steroids
• -Mineralocorticoids

• a steroid hormone produced in the adrenal cortex
• promotes secretion of potassium and reabsorption of sodium in the kidney

a corticosteroid that mediates stress response

• a tropic hormone produced by the anterior pituitary
• stimulates the release of cortisol from the adrenal cortex

• a releasing hormone produced by the hypothalamus
• controls the release of cortisol from the anterior pituitary

• an organ the produces gametes in animals
• can either be an ovary or testis

a male steroid

• a type of steroid sex hormone
• produced by the ovaries

• the time a sexual maturation
• sex steroids have a dramatic effect on this time

• a gonadotropin
• produced by the anterior pituitary

• a type of tropic hormone
• stimulates the gonads

• a gland located between the cerebral hemispheres
• secretes melatonin

• a hormone released by the pineal gland
• involved in photoperiodicity and circadian rhythm

Control of an organism's physiological or behavioral responses by the length of the day or night

the use of antibodies to measure the concentration of an antigen in a sample

a technique used to locate receptors to hormones

A negative feedback process in which continuous high concentrations of a hormone can decrease the number of its receptors

The process by which the abundance of receptors for a hormone increases when hormone secretion is suppressed