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3 CATEGORIES OF ARDIAC DRUGS
- CARDIAC GLYCOSIDES
- ANTIANGINALS
- ANTIHYPERTENSIVES
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CHRONOTROPIC AGENT
- INFLUENCES HEART RATE
- POSITIVE INCREASES HR
- NEGATIVE DECREASES HR
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INOTROPIC AGENT
- INFLUENCES FORCE OF MUSCULAR CONTRACTION
- POSITIVE INCREASES FORCE
- NEGATIVE DECREASES FORCE
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DROMOTROPIC AGENT
- EFFECTS CONDUCTION OF THE HEART
- POSITIVE INCREASES CONDUCTION
- NEGATIVE DECREASES CONDUCTION
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CARDIAC GLYCOSIDES (DIGOXIN)
- ALSO CALLED DIGITALIS GLYCOSIDES
- INHIBITS THE SODIUM POTASSIUM PUMP
- CAUSES CARDIAC MUSCLE FIBERS TO CONTRACT MORE EFFICIENTLY
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EFFECTS OF DIGOXIN
- POSITIVE INOTROPIC ACTION
- NEGATIVE CHRONOTROPIC ACTION
- NEGATIVE DROMOTROPIC ACTION
- DIGOXIN DOES NOT PROLONG LIFE
-
DIGOXIN THERAPUTIC LEVELS
0.5-2.0 NG/ML
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DIGOXIN (DIGITALIS) TOXICITY
- INCREASED BY HYPOKALEMIA
- ANNOREXIA
- N/V/D
- BRADYCARDIA
- HEADACHE
- WHITE, GREEN, YELLOW HALOS
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ANTIDOTE FOR DIGOXIN TOXICITY
- POTENT DIURETICS INCREASE POTASSIUM LOSS
- DIGIBIND
- POTASSIUM SUPPLEMENT
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DIGOXIN NURSING IMPLICATIONS
- MONITOR FOR TOXICITY
- APICAL PULSE 1 MIN
- CONTACT DR IF LESS THAN 60
- TEACH TO EAT FOODS HIGH IN POTASSIUM
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ANTIANGINAL AGENTS
- NITRATES
- BETA BLOCKERS
- CALCIUM CHANNEL BLOCKERS
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ANGINA PECTORIS
- INSUFFICIENT CORONARY BLOOD FLOW
- SPASM OF CORONARY ARTERIES
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NITRATES
- CAUSE CORONARY VASODIALATION
- CAN CAUSE HYPOTENSION
- CAN BE GIVEN EVERY 5 MIN FOR A TOTAL OF 3 DOSES
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NITRO SIDE EFFECTS
- HEADACHE
- DIZZYNESS
- FAINTNESS
- N/V
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NITRATES NURSING IMPLICATIONS
- WEAR GLOVES
- DOCUMENT PAIN BEFORE AND AFTER
- SIT OR LAY DOWN WHEN TAKING TO AVOID FALLS
- STORE IN COOL PLACE IN AMBER BOTTLE
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BETA BLOCKERS
- DEREASES SYMPATHETIC NERVOUS SYSTEM
- REDUCES THE NEED FOR OXYGEN AND THEREBY REDUCING ANGINA
- ENDS IN "OLOL"
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BETA BLOCKER SIDE EFFETS
- BRADYCARDIA
- LETHARGY
- GI DISTURBANCE
- DECREASED BP
- DEPRESSION
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BETA BLOKER NURSING IMPLICATIONS
- CONTINUOUS USE IN CHF AND COPD
- CHECK PULSE AND BP FIRST
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CALCIUM CHANNEL BLOCKERS
- RELAXES SMOOTH MUSCLE OF HEART
- DECREASES WORKLOAD OF THE HEART THEREBY REDUCING NEED FOR OXYGEN AND REDUCES ANGINA
- REDUCES BP
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CALCIUM CHANNEL BLOCKERS SIDE EFFECTS
- HEADACHE
- HYPOTENSION
- DIZZYNESS
- BRADYCARDIA
- PERIPHERIAL EDEMA
- REFLEX TACHYCARDIA
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CALCIUM CHANNEL BLOCKERS NURSING IMPLICATIONS
- MONITOR KIDNEY AND LIVER FUNCTION
- CHECK PULSE AN BP FIRST
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ANTIHYPERTENSIVE AGENTS
- DIURETICS
- BETA BLOCKERS
- ACE INHIBITORS
- CALCIUM CHANNEL BLOCKERS
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PRIMARY HTN
- ELEVATED ARTERIAL PRESSURE WITH NO KNOWN CAUSE
- 90% OF CASES
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SECONDARY HTN
- ELEVATED BP ASSOCIATED WITH ANOTHER PRIMARY CAUSE SUCH AS RENAL, PULMONARY OR ENDOCRINE DISORDERS
- 10% OF CASES
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FIRST LINE TREATMENT FOR HTN
- LOSE WEIGHT
- EXERCISE
- STOP SMOKING
- LOW FAT DIET
- STRESS REDUCTION
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DIURETICS
- MAY BE USED ALONE OR IN COMBINATION WITH OTHER HYPERTENSIVES
- DECREASES FLUID VOLUME
- DECREASES WORKLOAD OF THE HEART
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LOOP DIURETICS
- ACTS ON THE ASCENDING LOOP OF HENLE
- MOST POTENT DIURETIC
- MOST COMMON FUROSIMIDE (LASIX)
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LOOP DIURETICS SIDE EFFECTS
- HYPOKALEMIA
- HYPONATREMIA
- MUSCLE CRAMPS
- CARDIAC DYSRHYTHMIAS
- PHOTOSENSITIVITY
- OTOTOXICITY
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THIAZIDE DIURETICS
- ACTS ON DISTAL CONVALUTED TUBULE
- PROMOTED SODIUM, CHLORIDE AND WATER EXCRETION
- MOST COMMON HCTZ
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THIAZIDE DIURETICS SIDE EFFECTS
- HYPOKALEMIA
- HYPOMAGNESEMIA
- HYPERCALCEMIA
- HYPERGLYCEMIA
- HYPERLIPIDEMIA
- DIZZYNESS, VERTIGO
- N/V
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POTASSIUM SPARRING DIURETICS
- ACTS IN THE COLLECTING DUCT OF RENAL TUBULE
- PROMOTES SODIUM AND WATER EXCRETION
- PROMOTES POTASSIUM RETENTION
- THEY DONT WORK WELL ALONE
- COMMONLY USED WITH THIAZIDE DIURETICS
- MOST COMMON TRIAMTERENE (DYRENIUM) SPIROLONACTONE (ALDACTONE)
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POTASSIUM SPARRING DIURETICS SIDE EFFECTS
- HYPERKALEMIA
- N/V/D
- PHOTOSENSITIVITY
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NURSING IMPLICATIONS FOR DIURETICS
- DAILY WEIGHT
- ACCURATE I&O
- MONITOR BP, EDEMA, DYSPNEA
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PATIENT EDUCATION FOR DIURETICS
- TAKE IN THE MORNING
- NOTIFY DR OF WEIGHT GAIN OF 2 LBS OR MORE
- MONITOR BP
- INCREASE POTASSIUM WITH LOOP AND THIAZIDE DIURETICS
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ACE INHIBITORS
- DECREASES SODIUM AND WATER RESORPTION
- ENDS IN "PRIL"
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COMMON ACE INHIBITORS
- CAPTOPRIL (CAPOTEN)
- LISINOPRIL (ZESTRIL)
- RAMIPRIL (ALTACE)
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ACE INHIBITOR SIDE EFFECTS
- DRY, NONPRODUCTIVE COUGH
- HYPERKALEMIA
- N/V/D
- HEADACHE
- DIZZYNESS
- FATIGUE
- TACHCARDIA
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NURSING IMPLICATIONS
- CHECK BP
- MONITOR POTASSIUM LEVELS
- MONITOR BUN/CREATINE
- MONITOR WBC COUNT
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ANATOMY OF THE UPPER AIRWAY
- NASAL CAVITY
- PHARYNX
- LARYNX
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COMMON COLD
- RHINOVIRUS
- CAUSES RHINIRRHEA
- ACUTE RHINITIS
- COUGH
- ANTIBIOTICS DONT WORK ON VIRUSES
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COLD REMEDIES
- CHICKEN SOUP
- VITAMIN C
- ANTIHISTAMINES
- DECONGESTANTS
- ANTITUSSIVES
- EXPECTORANTS
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ANTIHISTAMINES
- DECREASE NASAL SECREATIONS
- DECREASE NASAL ITCHING AND SNEEZING
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ANTIHISTAMINE SIDE EFFECTS
- 1ST GEN-DROWZY DIZZY DRY MOUTH
- 2ND GEN-FEWER REACTIONS SO BETTER FOR DAY TIME USE
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BENADRYL
(DIPHENHYDRAMINE)
- FIRST GEN
- DONT TAKE WITH ETOH
- GIVE W/ FOOD
- DONT DRIVE
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BENADRYL SIDE EFFECTS
- DROWSY
- DRY MOUTH
- DIZZYBLURRED VISION
- WHEEZING
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ZYRTEC ALEGRA CLARATIN
ASTALIN (NASAL SPRAY)
- 2ND GEN
- LESS DROWSYNESS
- FEWER ANTICHOLINERGIC EFFECTS
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NASAL CONGESTION
BLOOD VESSELS DIALATE CAUSING FLUID TO MOVE INTO THE NASAL CAVITY AND THE NASAL TISSUE
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NASAL DECONGESTANTS
EPHEDRON
AFRIN
SUDAFED
- ORAL OR SPRAY
- CAUSE VASOCONSTRICTION
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NASAL DECONGESTANT SIDE EFFECTS
- JITTERY
- NERVOUS
- RESTLESS
- USE >5 DAYS
- CAN CAUSE REBOUND CONGESTION
- INCREASED BP AND GLUCOSE
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SYSTEMIC DECONGESTANTS
EPHEDRINE
NEO-SYNEPRINE
SUDAFED
- LASTS LONGER THAN NASAL DECONGESTANTS
- CAUSES HTN AND INCREASED BLOOD GLUCOSE
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INTRANASAL GLUCOCORTICOIDS
RHINOCORT
FLONASE
DECADRON
- NASAL SPRAY
- ANTI INFLAMITORY
- SIDE EFFECTS RARE DUE TO SHORT TERM USE
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ANTITUSSIVES
CODEINE
BENEYLIN
ROBITUSSIN-DM
- GIVEN AS A SYRUP, CHEWABLE OR LOZENGES
- ACTS ON THE COUGH CONTROLL CENTER IN THE MEDULLA
- ONSET 15-30 MIN
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WHEN TO USE ANTITUSSIVE
- FOR A DRY NON-PRODUCTIVE COUGH
- NO ETOH
- NO NARCOTICS
- NO ANTI-DEPRESSANTS
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EXPECTORANTS
ROBITUSSIN
- LOOSEN SECREATIONS SO THE CAN BE COUGHED UP
- CAUSES NAUSEA AND DROWSYNESS
- BEST EXPECTORANT IS TO INCREASE FLUIDS
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SINUSITIS
INFLAMATION OF THE MUCOUS MEMBRANES OF THE SINUSES
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ACUTE PHARYNGITIS
INFLAMATION OF THE THROAT
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ANATOMY OF THE LOWER AIRWAY
- TRACHEA
- PRIMARY BRONCHI
- SECONDARY BRONCHI
- BRONCHIOLES
- ALVEOLI
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COPD
- CHRONIC BRONCHITIS
- BRONCHIECTASIS
- EMPHYSEMA
- ASTHMA
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RESTRICTIVE PULMONARY DISEASE
- DECREASED LUNG CAPACITY
- PULMONARY EDEMA
- LUNG TUMORS
- SCOLIOSIS
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CHRONIC BRONCHITIS
- AIRWAY OBSTRUCTION FROM INFLAMATION AND EXCESS FLUID SECRETION
- RHONCHI ON INSPIRATITORY AND EXPERITORY
- PRODUCTIVE COUGH
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SIGNS OF BRONCHITIS
- DUSKY TO CYANOTIC
- HYPOXIA
- HYPERCAPNIA
- RESPIRATORY ACIDOSIS
- INCREASED RESP RATE
- BLUE BLOATER
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EMPHYSEMA
- LOSS OF ELASTICITY IN THE ALVEOLI
- SMOKING
- AIR POLUTION
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SIGNS OF EMPHYSEMA
- PINK PUFFER
- PURSED LIP BREATHING
- DYSPNEA
- TRIPOD POSITION
- BARREL CHEST
- LONG EXPIRITORY TIME
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BRONCHIAL ASTHMA
- PERIODS OF BRONCHOSPASM
- CAUSED BY ALLERGENS, STRESS OR EXERCISE
- WHEEZE ON AUSCULTATION
- COUGH
- ELEVATED EOSINOPHILES
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SIGNS OF ASTHMA
- INCREASED IN MALES
- ONSET BEFORE 12 YRS
- SOB
- COUGH
- INCREASED MUCUS
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EPINEPHRINE
(ADRENALIN)
- ENHANCES BRONCHODILATION
- BETA1 AND BETA2 AGONIST
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EPINEPHRINE "EPI" SIDE EFFECTS
- TREMMORS
- DIZZY
- HTN
- TACHYCARDIA
- DYSRHYTHMIAS
- ANGINA
- IT IS VERY FAST ACTING
- DOESNT LAST VERY LONG
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ALBUTEROL
(PROVENTIL, VENTOLIN)
- SELECTIVE FOR BETA2 RECEPTORS
- BRONCHODIALATOR
- LONG DURATION OF ACTION
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ALBUTEROL SIDE EFFECTS
- INCREASED BLOOD GLUCOSE
- HEADACHE
- NERVOUS
- INCREASED HR
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ANTICHOLINERGICS
ATROVENT
- DILATES BRONCHIOLES
- FEW SIDE EFFECTS
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GLUCOCORTICOIDS
(STEROIDS)
- ANTI-INFLAMITORY
- AEROSOL, TABLET, INJECTION
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