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Dimorphic fungi
Def:
Ex: (2)
- exist in yeast & mold form
- ex: Histoplasma, Blastomyces
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Protozoa exist in 2 forms:
- Cyst: transmission form
- Trophozoite infectious; grows inside
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Folliculitis (pimple)
Def:
Exists as 3 types:
Infection of hair follicle
- Sty
- Furuncles: small, minor
- Carbuncles: many, becomes one big rash
-
Folliculitis caused by:
Staphylococcus
-
Folliculitis virulence factors (3)
- Enzymes: dissolve tissue
- Structures to evade phagocytosis
- Toxins: damage cell
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Staphylococcal Scalded Skin Syndrome (SSSS) & Virulence Factor
- Epidermal cells separate, skin peels off in sheets
- Infants mostly
- Person-person
V factor: exfoliative toxins
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Impetigo & Erysipelas
Caused by:
S&S:
Who gets it
S. aureus or Streptococcus pyogenes
- Person-person
- Itchy pus vesicles
- Mostly children-where skin is comprimised
- 2nd has toxins- fever, rash, shock
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Necrotizing Fascitis
What it is:
VF: (3)
Top layer of skin/muscle is digested by bacterium, can be deadly, usually skin wound; person-person
- V-factors:
- Streptokinases- cell fluid loss->porous cell
- Hyaluronidase- dissolves tissues, allows spreading
- Streptolysin S secreted- kills b cells, epithelial cells
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Acne caused by:
normal G+ propionibacteria lives on skin
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Pseudomonas Infection is, caused by, VF
Where found & how get it & what it is
S&S
VF (3)
- In soil, moist env, decaying matter
- Often bacteria grow under surface of a burn, sometimes green from pigment
- Destroys tissues, triggers shock, can infect other parts of body
- Very resistant
- VF: various adhesions, toxins, polysacc capsule
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Cutaneous Anthrax:
Bacillus anthracis
How get it
S&S
Trtmt
- Endospores always present in soil--> skin
- Black lesion forms eschar
- Animal handlers
- Vaccine or treated w/Ciprofloxacin
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First human disease eradicated
smallpox
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Smallpox stages:
- 1. papules- reddish flat painful rash
- 2. vesicles- fluid filled
- 3. pustules- infected & fluid filled
(enters via inhalation)
-
Latent virus
Infects, but doesn't reproduce, just stays w/host
-
HSV-1
vs
HSV-2
- oral herpes
- vs
- genital herpes
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Chickenpox & Shingles (later & more severe stage)
Caused by:
Enters via ___
Incubation
- Varicellovirus (VZV)
- Enters via resp tract w/incubation of 2-3 wks
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Rubella (Rubivirus)
Enters via ___
Incubation
S&S
Trtmt
- Enters via resp tract w/incubation of 7-14 dys
- Rash, swollen lymph nodes
- No trtmt (supportive)
-
Measles (Morbillivirus)
Enters via ___
Incubation
Identifying feature
- Enters via resp tract w/incubation of 8-12 dys
- Identifying feature: spots on mouth
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How are fungal infections (mycoses) classified?
By infection location:
- Superficial- surface (most)
- Subcutaneous- hypodermas & muscles
- Systemic
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Dermatophytosis
What it is
How classified
Fungal- skin, nails, hair
- Classified by natural habitat:
- Anthropophilic- humans only
- Zoophilic- animals
- Geophilic- soil
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Leishmaniasis
How get it, what part of body infected
Who gets it
- Parasitic protozoan skin & systemic infection spread by sand-fly
- Cause of most Gulf syndrome
- Mostly AIDS patients
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Trachoma
What causes it
S&S
- Chlamydia trachomatis bacterium
- #1 cause non-traumatic blindness: inoculated into babies eyes during birth; causing discharge & deformed eyelids
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Ophthalmic neonatorum
What causes it
S&S
- Neisseria gonorrhoeae
- Inflammation of conjuctiva & cornea of newborn
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