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Occipitals
Innervation: CN VII (facia-posterior auricular branchl)
Action: pulls scalp back
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Frontalis
Innervation: CN VII (facial-temporal branch)
Action: raises eyebrows, wrinkles forehead; surprise, fright, horror
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Orbicularis Oculis
Innervation: CN VII (facial - temporal and zygomatic branches)
Action: closes lids; winking, blinking, sleeping
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Corrugator Supercilii
Innervation: CN VII (facial - temporal branch)
Action: draws eyebrows together; frown
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Procerus
Innervation: CN VII (facial-buccal branches)
Action: pull skin of nose upward; wrinkles on bridge of nose
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Nasalis
Innervation: CN VII (facial - buccal branches)
Action: transverse part(compressor naris) compresses nostrils, alar part(dilator naris) dilates nostrils
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Depressor Septi
Innervation: CN VII (facial - buccal branches)
Action: assists dilator naris
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Levator Labii Superioris Alaeque Nasi
Innervation: CN VII (facial - buccal branches)
Action: raise and evert upper lip and corner of mouth; sneering, snarling
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Levator Labii Superioris
Innervation: CN VII (facial - buccal branches)
Action: raise and evert upper lip and corner of mouth; sneering, snarling
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Levator Anguli Oris
Innervation: CN VII (facial - buccal branches)
Action: raise and evert upper lip and corner of mouth; sneering, snarling
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Risorius
Innervation: CN VII (facial - buccal branches)
Action: Retract and raise the corner of the mouth; grinning, smiling, laughing
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Zygotmaticus Major
Innervation: CN VII (facial - buccal branches)
Action: Retract and raise the corner of the mouth; grinning, smiling, laughing
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Zygotmaticus Minor
Innervation: CN VII (facial - buccal branches)
Action: Retract and raise the corner of the mouth; grinning, smiling, laughing
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Depressor Labii Inferioris
Innervation: CN VII (facial - mandibular branch)
Action: depress the lower lip and corner of mouth; doubt, sadness
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Depressor Anguli Oris
Innervation: CN VII (facial - mandibular branch)
Action: depress the lower lip and corner of mouth; doubt, sadness
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Mentalis
Innervation: CN VII (facial - mandibular branch and buccal branch)
Action: depress the lower lip and corner of mouth; doubt, sadness. Also, protrudes and everts lower lip; pout.
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Orbicularis Oris
Innervation: CN VII (facial - mandibular branch and buccal branch)
Action: closes lips and purses; blowing
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Buccinator
Innervation: CN VII (facial - buccal branch)
Action: compresses cheek against teeth preventing food from accumulating in cheeks; blowing muscle
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Auricularis Anterior/Superior/Posterior
Innervation: CN VII (facial - posterior auricular branch and temporal branch)
Action: connect auricle to skull
*note: several intrinsic ear muscles connect different parts of auricle but have very little function in man
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Platysma
Innervation: CN VII (facial - cervical branch)
Action: tightens skin on neck, draws down lower lip and corner of mouth producing a grimace. May assist in opening mouth.
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Superior Rectus
Innervation: CN III (oculomotor)
Action: Turns eye upward
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Inferior Rectus
Innervation: CN III (oculomotor)
Action: turns eye downward
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Medial Rectus
Innervation: CN III (oculomotor)
Action: turns eye medially
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Lateral Rectus
Innervation: CN VI (abducens)
Action: turns eye laterally
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Superior oblique
Innervation: CN IV (trochlear)
Action: turns eye downward and laterally
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Inferior oblique
Innervation: CN III (oculomotor)
Action: turns eye upward and laterally
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Levator palpebrae superioris
Innervation: CN III (oculomotor)
Action: raises upper lid. Antagonized by orbicularis oculi
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Genioglossus
Innervation: CN XII (hypoglossal)
Action: protrudes apex of tongue from mouth
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Hyoglossus
Innervation: CN XII (hypoglossal)
Action: depresses tongue
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Styloglossus
Innervation: CN XII (hypoglossal)
Action: draws tongue upwards and backwards
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Superior longitudinal, inferior longitudinal, transverse, vertical fibers of tongue
Innervation: CN XII (hypoglossal)
Action: alter shape of tongue
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Trapezius
Innervation: CN XI (accessory) and ventral rami C2, 3, 4
Action: upper-elevate, retract, rotate scapula upward. Extend, side bend head to same side and rotate opposite. Middle-retract scapula. Lower-retract, depress, rotate scapula upward
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Sternoclediomastoid
Innervation: CN XI (accessory) and ventral rami C2, 3, 4
Action: bilaterally-extend head at A-O joints, flex neck. Unilaterally-side bend head and neck to same side. Rotate opposite.
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Digastric
Innervation: Posterior belly-CN VII(facial). Anterior belly-mandibular division of trigeminal CN V (V3), mylohyoid branch of inferior alveolar nerve
Action: swallowing-elevates hyoid and with it the base of the tongue and larynx. Fixed hyoid-depresses mandible.
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Stylohyoid
Innervation: CN VII(facial).
Action: swallowing-elevates hyoid and with it the base of the tongue and larynx. Fixed hyoid-depresses mandible.
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Mylohyoid
Innervation: mandibular division of trigeminal CN V (V3), mylohyoid branch of inferior alveolar nerve
Action: swallowing-elevates hyoid and with it the base of the tongue and larynx. Fixed hyoid-depresses mandible.
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Geniohyoid
Innervation: branch of ventral ramus of C1
Action: swallowing-elevates hyoid and with it the base of the tongue and larynx. Fixed hyoid-depresses mandible.
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Sternohyoid
Innervation: Ansa cervicalis
Action: swallowing-depresses hyoid and larynx after they have been elevated by suprahyoid muscles.
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Omohyoid
Innervation: Ansa cervicalis
Action: swallowing-depresses hyoid and larynx after they have been elevated by suprahyoid muscles.
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Sternothyroid
Innervation: Ansa cervicalis
Action: swallowing-depresses hyoid and larynx after they have been elevated by suprahyoid muscles.
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Thryohyoid
Innervation: Ansa cervicalis
Action: swallowing-depresses hyoid and larynx after they have been elevated by suprahyoid muscles.
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Longus colli
Innervation: ventral rami C2-C6
Action: bilaterally-Flexes neck. Unilaterally-side bends neck to same side and rotates to opposite side by pulling transverse processes forward.
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Longus capitis
Innervation: ventral rami C1-C3
Action: bilaterally-Flexes head and neck. Unilaterally-side bends and rotates head and neck to same side by pulling occiput backwards
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Rectus capitis anterior
Innervation: ventral rami C1-C2
Action: flexes head at A-O joints
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Rectus capitis lateralis
Innervation: ventral rami C1-C2
Action: side bends head to same side
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Scalenus Anterior/Medius/Posterior
Innervation: ventral rami C3-8
Action: acting from below with fixed ribs-flex cervical spine, side bend to same side, rotate to same side. Acting from above with fixed cervical spine-elevate upper 2 ribs during inspiration
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Masseter
Innervation: trigeminal CN 5, mandibular division (V3)
Action: elevates mandible, closing mouth
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Temporalis
Innervation: trigeminal CN 5, mandibular division (V3)
Action: anterior fibers-elevate mandible. Posterior fibers-retract mandible
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Lateral pterygoid
Innervation: trigeminal CN 5, mandibular division (V3)
Action: both heads draw mandible toward OPPOSITE side producing side to side grinding movements. Upper head-elevates mandible. Lower head-protrudes and depresses mandible, opening mouth
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Medial pterygoid
Innervation: trigeminal CN 5, mandibular division (V3)
Action: draws mandible toward OPPOSITE side. Protrudes and elevates mandible
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