Ch16 NHP Blue Book

Que. State the common names for the following nonhuman primates: Macaca mulatta, Macaca fascicularis, Papio spp., Saimiri spp., Aotus spp., Callithrix spp., and Sanguinus spp.

Que. What organization is responsible for the publication �Primate Supply Clearinghouse�?

Que. What is the importance of �Primate Supply Clearinghouse�?

Que. What does the acronym CITES represent?

Que: How many new species of New World Monkeys have been identified since 1990?

Que: What species share characteristics of both prosimians and anthropoid primates?

Que: What is the suborder, infraorder and family of tarsiers?

Que: Taxonomists have divided the order Primates into what two distinct classes?

Que: What does the class Strepsirhini include?

Que. ________ and ________ are used to identify genera found in Africa and Asia or South and Central America, respectively.

Que. The term ________ primate is considered interchangeable with New World monkey to describe primates indigenous to the Americas.

Que. Prosimian is used to describe all taxa with the suborder Prosimii, such as ______ and _____. The word prosimian, from the Latin root word meaning �________� refers to their relatively more primitive phylogenetic position within the order. Prosimian primates are not considered to be �________�.

Que. Simian is used as a adjective to describe monkeys and ________.

Que. Cheek pouches are specialized pouches found in genera within what family?

Que. Are ischial callosities found in New World monkeys?

Que. A pseudoprenhensile tail is found in some genera of ______ primates.

Que. What are the principal descriptors used to differentiate infa orders Platyrrhini and Catarrhini?

Que. Catarhine means the nares is what orientation?

Que. Of all the nonhuman primates, which group(s) has a hemochorial placenta (Prosimians, Platyrrhines, or Catarrhines?

Que. Of all the nonhuman primates, which group(s) has an epitheliochorial placenta (Prosimians, Platyrrhines, or Catarrhines?

Que. Which family of the Prosimians has a hemochorial placenta?

Que. Of all the nonhuman primates, which group(s) require vitamin D3 (Prosimians, Platyrrhines, or Catarrhines?

Que. Of all the nonhuman primates, which group(s) can utilize vitamin D2 in their diet (Prosimians, Platyrrhines, or Catarrhines?

Que. Of all the nonhuman primates, which group has a �toilet claw� (Prosimians, Platyrrhines, or Catarrhines and which digit and limb is it on?

Que. Callitrichidae have claws or _______ instead of nails.

Que. Callitrichidae have a specialized nail on the first digit of each foot, the _____, which is opposable, while the thumb is not.

Que. Callitrichids are unique in that usually only one adult female in an extended breeding group _______; subordinate females, usually offspring of the breeding female, may or may not have an estrous cycle.

Que. All callitrichid twins and many singletons appear to be permanent _______.

Que. The genus of marmosets is ________.

Que. The two genera of tamarins are ________ and ________.

Que. ________ have procumbent incisor teeth that are the same length as the canine teeth, which enables them to gnaw holes in trees and gums.

Que. Probably the single most important determinant for group territory size in the Marmosets and tamarins is _________.

Que. Usually, common marmoset groups contain _______________________.

Que. Tamarins have a __________ social structure, and groups consist of ________

Que. Marmosets and tamarins are _______, feeding on __________________.

Que. How is puberty in female callitrichids influenced by the type of social setting?

Que. What social situations suppress fertility in female callitrichids?

Que. How is reproductive cyclicity suppressed in female callitrichids?

Que. When do male Callithrix jacchus (common marmoset) reach adult levels of plasma testosterone?

Que. Are male Callithrix jacchus (common marmoset) able to impregnate females prior to reaching adult levels of plasma testosterone?

Que. What is the length of the ovarian cycle of Callithrix jacchus (common marmoset)?

Que. What is the length of the follicular phase of Callithrix jacchus (common marmoset)?

Que. What is the length of luteal phase of Callithrix jacchus (common marmoset)?

Que. What cells are noted on the vaginal cytology to indicate the estrous phase of Callithrix jacchus (common marmoset)?

Que. How can the estrous cycle be detected in Callithrix jacchus (common marmoset)?

Que. Do Callithrix jacchus (common marmoset) have lactational anestrus?

Que. When does ovulation occur postpartum in Callithrix jacchus (common marmoset)?

Que. What is the length of ovarian cycles in Saguinus edipus (tamarin)?

Que. What is the length of ovarian cycles in Saguinus fuscicollis (tamarin)?

Que. Do tamarins have postpartum estrus?

Que. What is the gestation length of callitrichids used in research?

Que. How soon can pregnancy be detected in callitrichids?

Que. How can 2 week pregnancies be detected in marmosets and tamarins?

Que. What is the most common number of babies are produced per pregnancy in marmosets and tamarins?

Que. During what time of day is parturition expected for callitrichids?

Que. Why does blood chimerism occur in callitrichids?

Que. Does freemartinism occur in callitrichids?

Que. Why does freemartinism not occur in callitrichids?

Que. What is the birth weight of Callithrix. jacchus (common marmoset)?

Que. What is the birth weight of Saguinus fuscicollis (tamarin)?

Que. What is the birth weight of Saguinus oedipus (cotton-top tamarin)?

Que. At what age do natal group Saguinus oedipus (cotton-top tamarin) mature sexually?

Que. At what age do new pair Saguinus oedipus (cotton-top tamarin) mature sexually?

Que. At what age do Saguinus mystax (mustached tamarin) mature sexually?

Que. At what age do Saguinus fuscicollis (tamarin) mature sexually?

Que. AT what do Callithrix. jacchus (common marmoset) mature sexually?

Que. What is the genus and species of the marmoset that is most commonly used in biomedical research?

Que. Name three diseases that common marmosets are as models for?

Que. Which of the Callitrichidae is used in research as a model of chronic colitis and colon cancer?

Que. Which two Callitrichidae are used in viral hepatitis studies?

Que. The Aotus genus appears to have evolved from a diurnal vision ancestor because the eyes retain vestigial features characteristic of diurnal vision such as a ___________.

Que. Unlike other nocturnal mammals, Aotus spp lack _____________ in their eyes.

Que. Owl monkeys have a low/high basal metabolic rate, believed to be an adaptation of nocturnal mammals that allows survival with less energy consumption.

Que. Be able to recognize and name the genus of this common New World nonhuman primate.

Que. Name the species of owl monkeys that comprise the red-necked group. (Hint: five are listed)

Que. Name the two species classified in the grey-necked species of owl monkey.

Que. True or false: the grey-necked owl monkeys are typically found south of the Amazon River.

Que. Why is it important to know the karyotype of the owl monkey?

Que. True or false: Aotus spp. are monogamous

Que. Which one of the following two species of owl monkey tolerates noncycling or breeding offspring of both sexes within the family group: A. nancymaae or A. vociferans?

Que. True or false: owl monkeys are diurnal, with most activity seen in the daytime.

Que. What is the average territory, measured in hectares, of an owl monkey in the wild?

Que. True or false: like Callithrix jacchus, Aotus spp. adult males and offspring will actively participate in infant care.

Que: How do Aotus spp. defend their territory?

Que: Intergroup aggression of Aotus spp. is preceded by what behavior?

Que: In Aotus spp., what behavior accompanies whooping vocalization?

Que: Scent marking in Owl monkeys utilize what type of secretions?

Que: What role does scent marking play in the behavior of Owl monkeys?

Que: What is the natural diet of the Owl monkey in the wild state?

Que: The lack of what physical changes characterize the female Owl monkey during estrus?

Que: What is the major progesterone metabolite (urinary and plasma) in the Owl

Que: What breeding behavior characterizes the estrus cycle of female Owl monkeys?

Que: What sexual behavior increased in frequency when Owl monkeys were housed

Que: What type of agonistic behavior increased in Owl monkeys in test mating than in

Que: What type of pattern is seen in the plasma testosterone level in male Owl

Que: What is the proposed cause of partially arrested spermatogenesis described in

Que: What is the gestation period of Owl monkeys?

Que: What is the average interbirth period for female Owl monkeys?

Que: What is the mean time from pairing to first parturition in Owl monkeys?

Que: Unlike squirrel monkeys, what type of seasonality do captive Owl monkeys show

Ans: no seasonal breeding or birthing season

Que: What are the physical characteristics of infant Owl monkeys?

Que: What is the major resting position for the infant Owl monkey until it reaches 3-4

Que: After 3-4 weeks of age, what is the preferred resting position for infant Owl

Que: What age do infant Owl monkeys begin to get off their parents, and when do they

Que: In Owl monkeys, both parents play a role in carrying and caring for their offspring,

Que. Patterns of carrying and rejection behavior are well noted in which species of nonhuman primates?

Que. At what age does the owl monkey infant move independently?

Que. What secondary reproductive structure is a useful indicator of pubertal development?

Que. Growth of the subcaudal scent-marking gland corresponds to increasing levels of what male hormone?

Que. Which parent (male or female) interacts more frequently and participates in grooming behavior with older offspring?

Que. Which group of nonhuman primates�Old World or New World�have the best reproductive success?

Que. Owl monkeys are _____________ neotropical primates which prefer temperature ranges of ___________.

Que. Which husbandry practice method has been found to be a better alternative to the daily hosing of cages?

Que. What can be placed over light fixtures to provide appropriate diminished lighting for owl monkeys?

Que. True or False??? A 14:10 light-dark cycle offset from the normal day is best used so that monkeys can be observed during the active �night� cycle .

que. True or False??? Nest-box and cage sanitation should occur simultaneously so that the owl monkey has a clean living environment.

Que. What are the vitamin supplements required by Aotus spp.?

Que. What type of diet is appropriate for owl monkeys?

Que. What type of diet results in a decreased incidence of diarrhea when fed to owl monkeys?

Que. What owl monkey species is susceptible to vitamin E-responsive hemolytic anemia? What can be used to prevent this problem?

Que. Under normal urine parameters in owl monkeys, what would the expected semiquantitative bilirubin value be?

Que. What is the adult owl monkey body weight range (including both males and females)?

Que. Owl monkeys are considered an excellent animal model for, and have been used extensively in the study of, what human disease?

Que. True or False. The unique characteristics of the owl monkey eye have made it a valuable animal in vision research.

Que. Squirrel monkeys belong to what genus?

Que. Which genus of nonhuman primates is the most commonly used neotropical primates in biomedical research in the United States?

Que. What is the mean body weight of an adult squirrel monkey?

Que. True or False. Sexual dimorphism is observed in squirrel monkeys.

Que. What is the average estrous cycle in female squirrel monkeys?

Que. What is �fatting� in squirrel monkeys?

Que. Why are squirrel monkeys valuable models in molecular studies of the cortisol receptor?

Que. Squirrel monkeys are a valuable model for atherosclerosis because the disease is naturally occurring. What can be done to potentiate this disease?

Que. The genus for squirrel monkeys is__________

Que. Name the four species that the genus Saimiri contains.

Que. Based on phenotypic characteristics of hair above the eyes, the genus Saimiri can be divided into the following two groups, __________ and __________

Que. True or False. Precise identification of squirrel monkeys requires both phenotypic and karyotypic examination.

Que. True or False. Specific identification of squirrel monkeys to be used in a particular experiment is not critical since the species and subspecies do not vary in their susceptibility to both naturally occurring and experimentally induced diseases.

Que. True or False. Interbreeding of the different species and subspecies of squirrel monkeys will not affect experiments or decrease reproductive efficiency

Que. Squirrel monkeys are considered to be _______ and ________ in nature?

Que. What is the behavioral term used to describe when infant squirrel monkeys are cared for by females other than their mothers?

Que. Male squirrel monkeys do or do not participate in infant care?

Que. Squirrel monkeys are considered to be ________ in their diets and have varied diets.

Que. Describe the breeding pattern of the squirrel, approximately how long and when is the breeding season, and how long is gestation?

Que. At what time of the year do squirrel monkey females cycle?

Que. Describe the phenomenon known as �fatting� in squirrel monkey males?

Que. What are some ways to detect early pregnancy in squirrel monkey?

Que. Squirrel monkeys need to be maintained in a warm laboratory environment (80 degress F). What characteristics of the squirrel monkey make this requirement necessary?

Que. What type of perching should be used for squirrel monkeys?

Que. For the first 2-3 weeks of life, squirrel monkeys should be maintained at what temperature (degrees F)?

Que. At what time of day do normal squirrel monkey deliveries take place? How long does labor usually last?

Que. True or False? Squirrel monkeys are not social animals and should be housed in single pairs whenever possible.

Que: By___________ of age the NHP infant should be able to self-feed from a bottle, and at ________ of age it can be started on moistened monkey chow.

Que: Healthy NHP infants are best reared by ______ or ________.

Que: What should happen to NHP infants that cannot be fostered?

Que: What can be used to socialize the infant?

Que: Do squirrel monkey adapt well to commercial monkey diets?

Que: Why do squirrel monkeys require a diet of high caloric density?

Que: Why should feed always be present in the cages of squirrel monkeys?

Que: What vitamins are essential dietary requirements for squirrel monkeys?

Que: How much Vitamin D3 is sufficient to prevent the development of rickets?

Que: What is the dosage in body weight per day sufficient to correct signs of scurvy in squirrel monkeys?

Que: Squirrel monkeys have a high dietary requirement for folic acid that is approximately ________ per day.

Que: What has been associated with folic aced deficiency in pregnant squirrel monkeys?

Que: Squirrel monkeys have a relatively small mean corpuscular volume of ______.

Que: From 1995 through 1998, what medical discipline has yielded the most publications in scientific literature?

Que: Squirrel monkeys are frequently used in what types of research?

Que: What monkey has been shown to be a superior model for studies of the pathogenesis of Plasmodium falciparum Indochina I, developing signs similar to those reported in human disease?

Que: What types of squirrel monkeys are susceptible to P. vivax but respond differently depending on the strain of parasite used?

Que. For many years, the squirrel monkey has been recognized as one of the most susceptible nonhuman primate species to experimental infection with __________ and other transmissible spongiform encephalopathies.

Que. The susceptibility of squirrel monkeys to experimental CJD infection is believed to be genetic; the squirrel monkey ______ gene sequence is 93.8% homologous to the human _____ sequence, which is associated with increased susceptibility to infection in human beings.

Que. The squirrel monkey has been evaluated as a model for human labor and delivery and for POP or _______. POP afflicts older women and it is associated with increased ______, with large _____ and with ________ changes. POP is squirrel monkeys have a similar etiology.

Que. The rhesus monkey, ____ ______ is among the least threatened and most biologically diverse monkeys in the world.

Que. Rhesus monkeys have a total of _____ teeth with a dental formula of 2-1-2-3.

Que. SIV simian immunodeficiency virus makes the Rhesus monkey an excellent model for __________ vaccine research and development.

Que. What is the diploid number for Rhesus monkeys?

Que. What is the most common threat behavior in Rhesus monkeys?

Que. Rhesus monkeys are _________ breeders.

Que. What is the menstrual cycle and estrous period for Rhesus?

Que. Sexual maturity is achieved at what age in male Rhesus monkeys?

Que. Which macaque is threatened with extinction (CITES Appendix I)?

Que. Extended isolated housing can result in detrimental _______ behaviors (rocking, self-inflicted trauma, and self-clutching) and should be avoided.

Que. In the wild, rhesus monkeys are mainly _______ in regards to diet.

Que. Maintenance rations of ____ protein are adequate for both young growing rhesus monkeys and adults.

Que. It is still recommended that the commercial monkey diet be used within ____ days of being manufactured.

Que. In 1937, rhesus monkeys contributed to the identification of the red blood cell __ _____.

Que. Rhesus monkeys are currently the models of choice for ______ vaccine development and study.

Que. What is the genus and species of the cynomolgus monkey?

Que. Does the cynomolgus monkey have a prehensile tail?

Que. Is the cynomolgus monkey smaller than the rhesus monkey?

Que. What is the weight range for the adult female cynomolgus monkey?

Que. What is the weight range for the adult male cynomolgus monkey?

Que. How many teeth do cynomolgus monkey have?

Que. Do cynomolgus monkeys have cheek pouches?

Que. Which finger has true opposability in the cynomolgus monkey?

Que. What are considered the largest Old World nonhuman primates?

Que. What makes baboons an excellent model for vaccine development?

Que. Of the five species of baboon, four are considered savannah baboons and one is a desert baboon. Name the five species of baboon and identify the desert species.

Que: Several clans, one-male units, and single males come together to form a stable social unit called the _______.

Que: In baboons, female bonds are strongest in what type of social group?

Que: ________ consist of several bands that come together at sleeping sites or spots of limited resources such as water holes.

Que: Baboons lack birth _________ in the wild and in captivity.

Que: In baboons, sexual maturity generally occurs at ________ of age for females.

Que: In baboons, sexual maturity generally occurs at ________ of age for males.

Que: In baboons, gestation averages _________ months.

Que: Females that experience abortions, stillbirths, and neonatal deaths have shorter ________ _________ than those that have surviving live births.

Que: Baboons have lactational __________.

Que: Are female baboon capable of breeding continuously throughout the year?

Que: What is prominent in female baboons that allow assessment of both their ovarian function and their pregnancy status with relative ease?

Que: What is associated with the selling and color change of the sex skin in baboons?

Que: In baboons, the initial turgescence or swelling takes an average of _______.

Que: In baboons what is what signs follow initial turgescence of sex skin?

Que: How long does the turgescence usually last depending on the species of baboon?

Que: What is maximum turgescence associated with in baboons?

Que: What is initial deturgescence characterized as in baboons?

Que: A quiescent stage of about _______ days follows in which sexual skin has many wrinkles, a dull surface and little color.

Que: How long is the length of the menstrual cycle or intermenstrual interval in baboons?

Que: Which species of baboons was reported to have the shortest intermenstrual interval and how long was it?

Que: Which species of baboons was reported to have the longest intermenstrual interval and how long was it?

Que: What was the intermenstrual cycle length and average cycle length reported in the P. hamadryas species?

Que: Ovarian cyclicity can be determined by monitoring what things in baboons?

Que: Several clans, one-male units, and single males come together to form a stable social unit called the _______.

Que: In baboons, female bonds are strongest in what type of social group?

Que: ________ consist of several bands that come together at sleeping sites or spots of limited resources such as water holes.

Que: Baboons lack birth _________ in the wild and in captivity.

Que: In baboons, sexual maturity generally occurs at ________ of age for females.

Que: In baboons, sexual maturity generally occurs at ________ of age for males.

Que: In baboons, gestation averages _________ months.

Que: Females that experience abortions, stillbirths, and neonatal deaths have shorter ________ _________ than those that have surviving live births.

Que: Baboons have lactational __________.

Que: Are female baboon capable of breeding continuously throughout the year?

Que: What is prominent in female baboons that allow assessment of both their ovarian function and their pregnancy status with relative ease?

Que: What is associated with the selling and color change of the sex skin in baboons?

Que: In baboons, the initial turgescence or swelling takes an average of _______.

Que: In baboons what is what signs follow initial turgescence of sex skin?

Que: How long does the turgescence usually last depending on the species of baboon?

Que: What is maximum turgescence associated with in baboons?

Que: What is initial deturgescence characterized as in baboons?

Que: A quiescent stage of about _______ days follows in which sexual skin has many wrinkles, a dull surface and little color.

Que: How long is the length of the menstrual cycle or intermenstrual interval in baboons?

Que: Which species of baboons was reported to have the shortest intermenstrual interval and how long was it?

Que: Which species of baboons was reported to have the longest intermenstrual interval and how long was it?

Que: What was the intermenstrual cycle length and average cycle length reported in the P. hamadryas species?

Que: Ovarian cyclicity can be determined by monitoring what things in baboons?

Que. When monitoring ovarian cyclicity in singly housed female baboons, list the ways in which menses may be followed.

Que. True or false: when monitoring ovarian cyclicity in female baboons, visual examination for blood is the most accurate method.

Que. Obtaining daily vaginal swabs is the preferred method to monitor cycling in female baboons. This method will detect menstruation in approximately __________ % of cycles.

Que. True or false: recording daily changes in the sex skin of the female baboon is a very accurate method of following the ovarian cycle.

Que. In the female baboon, ovulation usually occurs on day __________ before deturgescence; the __________ day prior to deturgescence is the optimal day for mating.

Que. What method will provide a precise date for ovulation in the female baboon?

Que. True or false: for evaluation of hormones related to ovarian cycling in the female baboon, fecal samples may be used.

Que. In the female baboon, how early in gestation may pregnancy be determined by 1) plasma or urine chorionic gonadotropin, 2) by ultrasound, and 3) by bimanual palpation?

Que. What is the range of days for gestation in the baboon?

Que. True or false: alloparenting is a prominent feature of offspring-rearing in baboons.

Que. At what age are infant baboons weaned?

Que. True or false: harem breeding is largely unsuccessful in groups of baboons.

Que. How are Hamadryas baboons best housed in a research setting? What is the significance of this grouping in the wild?

Que. What is the best housing setting for large-scale breeding of savanna baboons?

Que. During which months of the year does the birth number peak for baboons?

Que. Name four items which predominate in the diet of baboons living in the wild.

Que. In captive baboons, what is the minimum % of protein, fat, and fiber in a readily accepted commercial diet?

Que. What is the % of genetic similarity between baboons and humans?

Que. List some conditions for which the baboon is used as a model.

Que. What is the family for chimpanzees.

Que. List the dental formula for the chimpanzee.

Que. What type of locomotion does the chimpanzee use.

Que. Where do chimpanzees spend most of their time.

Que. What is the largest species of nonhuman primate currently used in biomedical research.

Que. What is the birth weight and adult weight of a chimpanzee?

Que. What are the five distinct life phases that chimpanzees pass through during their lifetime?

Que. What are the two species of chimpanzees?

Que. Which chimpanzee species is traditionally known as the �common chimpanzee�?

Que. What is the normal diploid number for the chimpanzee?

Que. The abbreviation ISIS stands for what?

Que. What are the common names of the three chimpanzee (Pan troglodytes) subspecies?

Que. What is the common name for the species Pan paniscus?

Que. No individual brought more knowledge and understanding of the chimpanzee to the public and the research community than __________.

Que.Puberty in the female chimpanzee occurs __________ years before menarche and is usually seen at about __________ of age.

Que. Ovulation occurs _______days before detumescence of the anogenital tissue.

Que. Gestation in a chimpanzee is approximately __________ months long

Que. True or False. Human pregnancy kits are dependable in chimpanzees.

Que. Male chimpanzees reach puberty at about __________ years of age.

Que. True or False. The captive chimpanzee population is managed as a national resource.

Que. True or False. The preferred housing management for chimpanzees is compatible, multimale social groups maintained in outdoor enclosures that have accessible shelters for protection from temperature extremes.

Que. True or False. Females should be always be allowed to rear their young for a minimum of 2 years, unless the infant�s survival is at risk.

Que. List some infectious diseases for which the chimpanzee is considered a valuable model, or the only model?

Que. How does the chimpanzee genome compare to that of humans (% similarity)?

Que. What legislation made the most sweeping changes to animal housing and first substantially incorporated requirements for promotion of psychological well-being of NHPs?

Que. The 1996 �Guide� included a major new consideration for housing nonhuman primates. What was it?

Que. When considering optimal cage measurements, how does the �Guide� differ from current Animal Welfare requirements?

Que. What are ideal cage materials for nonhuman primates?

Que. What do marmosets, tamarins, and owl monkeys specifically need as a part of their housing?

Que: Poor cage design and construction can result in what in primates?

Que: Personnel involved in developing, implementing, and evaluating an enrichment plan must have what qualifications?

Que: Species-specific ________, ________, and _______ can be used to create an environment conducive to normal health and expression of species-typical behaviors.

Que: What types of enrichment devices stimulate normal physiologic development?

Que: What types of enrichment devices allow lower-ranking animals to escape from aggressive encounters reducing stress and trauma?

Que: What types of enrichment devices provide diversion and alleviate boredom?

Que: Primates can forage as in nature if seeds, grains, fruits, vegetables, or other foods are distributed in what?

Que: What publication is an overview of the principles and recommendations concerning a quality nonhuman primate enrichment program?

Que: What was assessed by the publication committee about nonhuman primate enrichment?

Que: A plan to enhance the psychological well being of nonhuman primates should have what elements?

Que: Once an enrichment plan is developed and implemented, what criteria need an assessment of the animal�s response?

Que. Safe and effective restraint improved the quality of research data by avoiding the altered physiological parameters prompted b stress-associated increases in ______, _____ and ________.

Que. The 1997 death of a regional primate center research technician after accidental ocular-splash exposure to ________ has heightened the research community�s awareness of the risks associated with nonhuman primates.

Que. _______ cages are the most commonly used and effective method of restraint of the Old World species and chimpanzees.

Que. Generally hand capture with gloves can be performed on nonhuman primates that are not larger than a young ______ monkey. The initial use of gloves can be traumatic for the animal; hence there should be efforts to _______ the animal to the gloves. It is important that these gloves extend above the _______. When using gloved restraint, nonhuman primates weighing greater than _____ kg should have their arms pinned behind their back for added security.

Que. _________ is very useful when capturing escaped animals or retrieving individual animals that are housed in social groups.

Que. A variation of the pole and collar method is the collar and ______ method.

Que. What is the disadvantage of the tether and vest restraint method?

Que. What type of device is used for chemical restraint of a NHP greater than 20 meters away?

Que. _________ syringes can be used effectively in NHP at distances up to 2 meters.

Que. What is the most commonly used drugs for NHP restraint?

Que. Isoflurane has less catacholamine-sensitizing and cardiodepressive properties than halothane, making it safe for what two disease-type patients?

Que. For an effective biosafety program, what must be performed to determine preventive measures to counteract infectious agents within the environment?

Que. _______ containment is the protection of personnel and the environment from infectious agents through good laboratory practices and safety equipment.

Que. _______ containment is the protection of the environment outside the laboratory and is accomplished through a combination of facility design and operational procedures.

Que. _______ is defined as the removal of dirt and waste products, while ______ is the reduction or elimination of pathogenic microorganisms.

Que. Captive nonhuman primates should be protected from temperature extremes of less then _____� F and greater then _____�F for more than ____ consecutive hours.

Que. What is the recommended environmental temperate range for housing nonhuman primates?

Que. What is the recommended nonrecirculated ventilation rate of air changes per hour for nonhuman primates?

Que. What is the recommended relative humidity for most nonhuman primates?

Que. What is the recommended relative humidity for callithrichidae?

Que. What light and dark diurnal cycle is sufficient for most nonhuman primates?

Que. What special considerations should be taken for the diurnal cycle of owl monkeys and how can they be monitored and handled during their active phase?

Que. What methods are used to identify individual nonhuman primates?

Que. The most common site for venipuncture in the nonhuman primate is the __________.

Que. Besides the femoral vein, alternative sites that can be used for blood collection in the nonhuman primate include the __________ and __________ veins.

Que. Regarding a safe, maximum amount of blood to be collected from a nonhuman primate: the maximal blood sample size is 10% of a blood volume estimated to be 10% of the body weight is known as the ______________ rule.

Que. True or false: in the research setting, NHPs may be trained to allow voluntary hypodermic injection, urine collection, and venipuncture.

Que. What size French catheter may be used to catheterize cynomolgous monkeys for urine collection?

Que. What size French catheter may be used to catheterize Rhesus monkeys for urine collection?

Que. What sites are recommended for collection of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) in the research NHP?

Que. Compared to the cisterna magna, the CSF from the lumbar region of the NHP will show higher concentrations of which components?

Que. Compared to the cisterna magna, the CSF from the lumbar region of the NHP will show lower concentrations of which components?

Que. When collecting CSF from the cisterna magna in smaller NHPs, what additional technique may be used to help establish CSF flow?

Que: What type of biopsy is used to collect the entire lesion?

Que: What type of biopsy is used to collect only a portion of the lesion?

Que: What type of anesthesia should these biopsies be performed under?

Que: What are the indications for a lymph node biopsy?

Que: What are the methods in which a lymph node sample is collected?

Que: What are the most accessible lymph nodes in nonhuman primates?

Que: During exploratory surgery, excisional biopsies are most frequently done on

Que: What is the most common technique used to collect bone marrow samples in

Que: What is the preferred site of needle aspiration for a bone marrow sample in

Que: What other sites can be used to collect a bone marrow sample?

Que: What posture should the nonhuman primate be positioned in order to be of

Que: When taking abdominal radiographs of nonhuman primates, what technique

Que: What are the morphological characteristics deteced by fetal ultrasound that have

Que: What MHz transducer is adequate for most areas scanned?

Que: What MHz transducer does most ocular ultrasonography require?

Que: What is the most effective way to place an indwelling catheter?

Que: What veins can be used in chimpanzees, baboons, and macaques for indwelling

Que: What is the purpose or use of intraosseous infusion of fluids?

Que: What is the most accessible site for intraosseous infusion of fluids in Owl

Que. What agent may be used to anesthetize the skin and periosteum for intraosseous administration?

Que. For intraosseous administration, where is the needle placed? What size needle should be used?

Que. List three purposes for use of nasogastric intubation.

Que. Rectal prolapse is diagnosed most frequently in (young/old) animals.

Que. Which of the following may cause rectal prolapse in the nonhuman primate

Que. In a pulpotomy technique, what materials are used for the procedure?

Que. What is the most frequent isolate of enteric pathogen recovered from captive nonhuman primates?

Que. True or False. Death with no clinical signs occurred with infections of E. coli serotype O13 in squirrel monkey infants.

Que. True or False. Extraintestinal signs of Salmonellosis include neonatal septicemia, abortion, osteomyelitis, and pyelonephritis.

Que. True or False. Yersinia enterocolitica and Yersinia pseudotuberculosis cause fulminating enteric and systemic disease in marmosets, owl monkeys, squirrel monkeys, and Old World monkeys.

Que. Which organism can cause death with no clinical signs in both callitrichids and owl monkeys?

Que. Which organisms can cause CNS signs?

Que. Which organisms can cause epistaxis?

Que. Microscopically, what organism affecting nonhuman primates is characterized by fibrinopurulent leptomeningitis extending into the cerebral and cerebellar cortices?

Que. What characteristic of Klebsiella pneumoniae infection in nonhuman primates makes antemortem diagnosis frequently impossible?

Que. What age of nonhuman primate is usually affected by Klebsiella pneumoniae (i.e., young or old)?

Que: What are the gross lesions associated with Klebsiella pneumoniae in owl monkeys?

Que: What type of gross lesions associated with air sacculitis does an owl monkey with Klebsiella pneumonia have?

Que: What are the gross necropsy findings in rhesus monkeys with K. pneumoniae?

Que: What are the gross lesions of Chimpanzees with K. pneumoniae?

Que: What are the microscopic lesions of marmosets with K. pneumoniae infection?

Que: What microscopic lesions were observed in owl monkeys with K. pneumoniae septicemia?

Que: What microscopic lesions were associated with owl monkeys with air sacculitis from K. pneumoniae?

Que: What microscopic lesions were reported in the rhesus monkey with K. pneumoniae?

Que: What microscopic lesions associated with K. pneumoniae were reported in the chimpanzee?

Que: How is K. pneumoniae prevented in marmosets, owl monkeys, and squirrel monkeys?

Que: Bordetella bronchiseptica is commensal within the __________ of many monkeys.

Que: The B. bronchiseptica has been associated with what factors?

Que: What are clinical signs of B. bronchiseptica in affected common marmosets?

Que: What was the primary gross lesion with B. bronchiseptica?

Que: What was the typical microscopic pulmonary lesion associated with B. bronchiseptica?

Que: What antibiotic treatment was used in marmosets with B. bronchiseptica that resolved clinical disease but did not eliminate the organism for the nasal passages?

Que: What was used in Callithrix jacchus colonies for B. bronchiseptica prevention?

Que: What organism is described as an opportunistic pathogen of squirrel monkeys and owl monkeys affecting recently shipped animals and animals in poor condition?

Que: What are the clinical signs associated with P. multocida in squirrel monkeys?

Que: What were the necropsy findings associated with P. multocida in squirrel monkeys?

Que: What were the necropsy findings associated with P. multocida in owl monkeys?

Que. Baboons have developed pasteurella infections secondary to surgical procedures, chair restraint and _________.

Que. Nocardia spp. Are aerobic ________ found in richly fertilized soil as saprophytes on decaying vegetation. __________ is the most common isolate in nonhuman primates. Infection occurs following contact with skin wounds, ______ or ________.

Que. Clinical signs of nocardiosis include respiratory signs such as ______ and ______. Radiographically, pulmonary lesions of nocardiosis cannot be distinguished from ________.

Que. Gross pulmonary lesions of nocardiosis include multinodular to diffuse red to gray areas of ______, _______, edema, abscesses, and cavitary lesions. Disseminated nocardiosis with multifocal abscesses in the abdomen have been reported in the ________ genus of nonhuman primates

Que. Nocardiosis may also present as a draining multinodular ______ lesion in nonhuman primates. Multifocal to coalescing pyogranulomas containing _______ with large colonies of filamentous bacteria are characteristic. ________ cells are found at the lesion periphery.

Que. __________ is a gram-negative diplococcus associated with epistaxis and mucohemorrhagic nasa discharge in cynomologus monkeys.

Que. Tuberculosis is caused by ________, _______ or _______ in nonhuman primates and is usually acquired through human contact.

Que. There is no apparent difference in tuberculosis disease caused by ______ or ______ in nonhuman primates. Kaufman et al (1975) estimated that up to ___ % of tuberculosis outbreaks in nonhuman primates were caused by M. bovis.

Que. Epizootic tuberculosis in nonhuman primates usually takes place by ______ transmission, but transmission has occurred by _____, _____ and contact with ____.

Que. Although a particular species may be more or less susceptible to disease, all nonhuman primates can develop tuberculosis. The ________ has no clinical signs reported, while the ______ can have serous ocular and nasal discharge.

Que. The typical microscopic lesions of tubercolosis are unencapsulated _________.

Que. What type of stain is used to find the bacilli in tubercollosis?

Que. How is tubercollosis diagnosed antemorten?

Que. Swelling, erythema, edema and ptosis on a intradermal turbercullin test are indicative of what type of reaction?

Que. From tuberculosis testing, what does PPD stand for?

Que. Which is the superior diagnostic reagent, M. bovis PPD or mammalian tuberculin in the detection of monkeys infected with M. bovis?

Que. The mammalian tuberculin test is limited in its sensivity in that animals with may give false-negative reactions because of?

Que. The mammalian tuberculin test is limited in its sensivity in that animals with may give false-positive reactions because of?

Que. ______ ______ is the etiologic agent of leprosy or Hansen�s disease, a chronic granulomatous disease affecting skin and peripheral nerves.

Que. Naturally acquired infections with M. leprae have been reported in a _____ _____, Cercocebus atys, and in chimpanzees.

Que. What are common staphylococcus aureus infections in nonhuman primates?

Que. What bacterial organism is a frequent problem with indwelling cathers?

Que. ______________ formation results from candidal (C. albicans) overgrowth?

Que. Cryptococcosis is a systemic infection of humans and animals caused by a yeastlike fungus, _______________.

Que. What are the two general forms of gross lesions of cryptococcosis?

Que. What is a synonym for Cercopithecine herpesvirus 2 in baboons? In African green monkeys?

Que. Herpesviruses are a type of ______ virus.

Que. _______________, also known as herpesvirus simiae or B virus, causes a persistent, subclinical latent infection in the natural host species, _______________; and a disseminated viral infection in humans, resulting in ascending paralysis, encephalitis, and death in about _____% of cases.

Que. Regarding the zoonotic transmission of CHV-1, contact with monkey __________, tissues, or tissue fluids is the most common route of transmission; person-to-person transmission has been reported in one instance.

Que. Cercopithecine herpesviruses 6, 7, and 9 compose the groups of viruses known as _______________.

Que. The reservoir host for simian varicella has not been identified; however, serum neutralizing antibodies have been detected in _______________ with no history of clinical disease.

Que. Cytomegaloviruses (CMV), classified as a _______________, commonly occur in humans and nonhuman primate species but rarely cause overt disease.

Que. In macaques infected with __________, Cytomegalovirus (CMV) reactivation results in necrotizing encephalitis, enteritis, lymphadenitis, and / or interstitial pneumonia.

Que. Gammaherpesviruses are oncogenic. Experimental or naturally acquired infection in aberrant primate hosts results in _______________.

Que. _______________ has been reported in baboons and macaques infected with Epstein-Barr virus-like (EBV-like) viruses.

Que. For each of the alphaviruses listed, name the primate species aberrantly infected:

Que. For each of the gammaviruses listed, name the synonym:

Que. List the both the natural and aberrant primate hosts for each of the following gammaviruses:

Que. What is the synonym and diseases caused by Epstein-Barr-like viruses in Apes?

Que. What is the synonym and diseases caused by Epstein-Barr-like viruses in Rhesus?

Que. What is the synonym and diseases caused by Epstein-Barr-like viruses in

Que. What is the synonym and diseases caused by Epstein-Barr-like viruses in Vervets?

Que. What NHP is an aberrant host for EBV-like viruses and what experimental disease is created?

Que. Are primate poxviruses infectious (zoonotic) for humans (true or false) and what

Que. What is the clinical presentation of poxviruses in NHP�s?

Que. Match the following poxviruses with the clinico-pathologic descriptions given

1. Marmoset poxvirus: nondisseminated, non-fatal papulovesicular disease lasting 4-6 weeks

2. Molluscum contagiosum: causes oral masses in baboons and large intracytoplasmic inclusion bodies in chimps

3. Monkeypox: causes no clinical disease in African Green monkeys

4. Tanapox: benign cutaneous skin infection with characteristic epidermal proliferation and ballooning degeneration

5. Yaba virus: oral masses in baboons

Que. What type of clinical disease can develop in NHP (Old and New) from adenovirus?

Que. What is polyomavirus macacae know more commonly as?

Que. Where was SV40 originally isolated?

Que. Describe the clinical disease seen with SV40?

Que. What is the incidence in humans?

Que. What virus causes focal epithelial hyperplasia characterized by multiple, sessile, well-circumscribed proliferative structures (> 0.5cm) in the oral mucosa of chimpanzees that may persist for a long time and then spontaneous regress?

Que. What is the viral group that contains three distinct parvoviruses that have been isolated from cynomologus, rhesus, and pig-tailed macaques with anemia (normocytic, normochromic)?

Que. What type of virus causes simian hemorrhagic fever?

Que. What is the normal reservoir for simian hemorrhagic fever?

Que. What lesion distinguishes simian hemorrhagic fever from other hemorrhagic fevers?

Que. List some viral groups that cause hemorrhagic fevers.

Que. Gross lesions of Ebola-Reston are reported to be similar to simian hemorrhagic fever. What microscopic lesions distinguish Ebola-Reston from to simian hemorrhagic fever?

Que. What are the clinical signs of Ebola-Reston in humans?

Que. Quarantine of imported primates was and is limited to laboratories with biosafety level __________ containment facilities.

Que. True or False. Measles virus infection has been common in nonhuman primates.

Que. Prevention of measles infection in monkeys can be accomplished by screening __________ for __________ and __________ and/or vaccination of susceptible primate populations.

Que. Simian T-cell leukemia virus (STLV-1) is a type __________ retrovirus associated with lymphoproliferative disease in Old World monkeys and apes.

Que. In baboons, leukemia/lymphoma associated with STLV-1 resembles __________ leukemia/lymphoma in humans.

Que. Measles virus can cause what characteristic histologic feature within cells of lung, small intestine, etc. tissues?

Que. What is the family and genus of measles virus?

Que. Why is it difficult to establish SRV/D-free colonies by identification of SRD/V-negative animals?

Que. Simian immunodeficiency viruses (SIVs) are closely related to HIV-1 and HIV-2. What family of virus does SIV belong to?

Que. SIVs in African species are of relatively (high or low) pathogenicity.

Que. True/False. SIVs in macaques produce mild disease.

Que: What is a problem with the use of a killed rabies vaccine in nonhuman primates?

Que: Why is an attenuated rabies vaccine contraindicated in nonhuman primates?

Que: What lesions have been reported in callitrichids with lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus (LCMV).

Que: How was LCMV in callitrichids believed to have occurred?

Que: How is LCMV transmitted between callitrichids?

Que: What are the clinical signs associated with LCMV in callitrichids?

Que: What blood chemistry abnormalities are associated with callitrichids with LCMV?

Que: LCMV affected callitrichids may have a high mortality rate (true or false)?

Que: No serological evidence had been demonstrated in callitrichids without a history of clinical disease from LCMV (true or false)?

Que: What is related to the mortality of callitrichids infected with LCMV?

Que: What are the gross lesions associated with LCMV infected callitrichids?

Que: What are the liver lesions associated with callitrichids with LCMV?

Que: Why is does LCMV have a public health significance?

Que: Serologic testing indicates that infection occurs in ___________?

Que: How is hepatitis A virus (HAV) transmitted?

Que: What are the clinical signs associated with HAV infection?

Que: What blood chemistry abnormalities are associated with HAV?

Que: What microscopic lesions are associated with HAV infection?

Que: What lesions associated with HAV have been described in the chimpanzee?

Que: Human infection with HAV has been reported to be contracted from what particular nonhuman primate?

Que: What species of nonhuman primates have been reported with a fatal infection of encephalomyocarditis viruses?

Que: What animals are reservoir hosts for encephalomyocarditis viruses?

Que: What has been postulated as the source of infection in nonhuman primates with encephalomyocarditis viruses?

Que: What clinical signs are usually exhibited in monkeys naturally infected with encephalomyocarditis virus?

Que: What can gross pathology signs of monkeys infected with encephalomyocarditis virus?

Que: What is the most important microscopic lesion associated with monkeys infected with encephalomyocarditis virus?

Que: What reproductive complications can occur in monkeys infected with encephalomyocarditis virus?

Que: What species of nonhuman primates have been reported to have naturally occurring infection with poliovirus?

Que: What are the clinical signs associated with

Que: What pathological lesions are associated with nonhuman primates infected with poliovirus?

Que: What is recommended to prevent great apes from contracting poliovurus?

Que: What is a synonymous term for nutritional hyperparathyroidism in nonhuman primates?

Que: What is the cause of simian bone disease?

Que: Which animals are more likely to develop nutritional deficiencies?

Que. Enteric protozoa can effect several species of nonhuman primates. Flagellates such as Giardia spp affect New World monkeys, _______ and _______, while the Trichomonas spp. affect just the _______ and _______.

Que. Giardia spp are commonly located in the _______, while the Trichomonas spp. are located in the _____ and _______.

Que. Amoeba such as ________ affect New World monkeys, Old World monkeys and Apes. Ambeic abscesses are found in the _____ , _____ or ______.

Que. Entamoeba histolytica infections are located in the ______ and _______ and can cause ______ shaped ulcers.

Que. _______ spp. is a coccidia that affects Callitrichids and is treated with Sulfamethoxine.

Que. Balantidium coli is located in what areas in the NHP?

Que. Cryptosporidium spp can cause _________ atrophy in the NHP intestines?

Que. Name one treatment for Balantidium coli in NHP�s?

Que. _________ _______ is the genus and species of malaria that naturally occurs in New World Primates.

Que. The _______ phase of Trypanosoma cruzi can be found in the blood of NHPs, while the _______ phase occurs in skeletal and cardiac muscle and the reticuloendothelial system.

Que. Anatrichosoma cynomolgi is a nematode parasite that infects New World monkeys, Old World monkeys, and apes. Most nematode infections can be diagnosed via fecal floatation; this parasite is different. How would you diagnose an A. cynomolgi infection?

Que. Describe �wasting marmoset syndrome�; what are some proposed etiologies for this syndrome?

Que. Which commercial diet is considered the best for calliltrichids?

Que. In severe cases, what are potential effects of crush injuries due to, for example, bite wounds, in NHPs?

Que. What are some expressions (mild and severe) of self-injurious behavior (SIB) in macaques? Has environmental enrichment with puzzle feeders and manipulandq proven successful in decreasing this behavior?

Que. What type of trauma is common in group-housed squirrel monkeys? How does it occur (is it self-inflicted or done to others)?

Que. True or False? Squirrel monkeys, marmosets, and owl monkeys may develop hypoglycemia as a primary disorder.

Que. True or false? Human glucometers are not very useful in the diagnosis of hypoglycemia in affected nonhuman primate species.

Que. Hypoglycemic animals weighing greater than 5 kg can be treated for hypoglycemia with an IV bolus of what fluid? Be specific.

Que. Hypothermia and hyperthermia in nonhuman primates are of particular concern for animals in what type of housing?

Que. What is the best treatment for a nonhuman primate with hypothermia?

Que. Acute gastric dilatation (or bloat) in nonhuman primates has been associated with gastric proliferation of what organism (genus and species)?

Que: What is the recommended treatment for acute gastric dilations in macaques?

Que: Abscessation of molar teeth in squirrel monkeys usually extends where?

Que: If dental abscessation extends into the infraorbital foramen, what can it lead to?

Que: What may be required for extreme cases of dental abscessation in the infraorbital region of the eye?