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Gametes are also known as ______________.
sex cells. They specialize in containing half of the # of chromosomes that a normal body cell contains. Sex cells are produced in the gonads.
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The femal gonads are the __________ as the male gonads are the testes.
- Ovaries. Located in the lower abdomen and connect to the uterus by the fallopian tupes.
- OVA - are produced in the ovaries from pubety to menopause.
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Anteflexion is __________.
a bent forward position. The uterus is a muscular organ that sits in an anteflexion position.
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The mucosa of the uterus has three layers:
- 1. inner- endometrium
- 2.middle-myometrium
- 3. outter-perimetrium
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graafian follicle
each ovary are graafian follicles. each graafian follicle contains an ovum. When the ovum matures, the graafian folice ruptures and the ovum is relased from the ovary. (ovulation)
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fimbriae
the ends of each uterine tube or fallopian tube contain fimbriae- finger-like projections lined with hairs that sweep the ovum along. It takes approximately 5 days for the ovum to go throug hthe fallopian tube. If fertilization dos not occur, menstruation occurs.
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hormones of the ovaries are ______ and ___________.
estrogen and progesterone. They play a big part in pregnancy, menstruation and devloping sex characteristics.
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Bartholin glands
Two small rounded glands on either side of the vaginal orifice. These glands produce a mucous secretion that lubricates the vagina.
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clitoris
organ of sensitive, erectile tissue located in front of the urethral meatus.
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the region between the vaginal orifece and the anus
perineum (both the the male and female)
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Female external genitalia
- VULVA
- 1. labia majora, outer lip of vagina, surrounds inner lips
- 2. labia minor, inner lips
- 3. HYMEN, a thin membrane partially covering the entrance to the vagina, is broken apart during the first episode of intercourse.
- (the clitoris and Bartholin glands also are parts of the vulva.)
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Adnexa
- Collectively the: Fallopian tubes, ovaries and supporting ligaments.
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Fondus
round uppor portion of the uterus
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corpus
(body of an organ) is the larger, central section of the uterus.
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cervix
narrow, lowermost portion of the uterus (means neck)
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glandular tissue
Tissure of the breasts (mammary glands) contains milk glands or lobules that develop in response to hormones from the ovaries during puberty. The breast also contains fibrous and fatty tissue, special lactiferous ducts and sinuses that carry milk to nipple.
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breast nipple aka _________.
mammary papilla. The dark pigmented area around the mammary pailla is the areola.
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Parturition is ___________.
giving birth.
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Know the order to the breast milk development.
lymph nodes --> glandular tisue--> lactiferous (milk carrying) ducts--> sinuses (cavities) -->mammary papilla (nipple)--> outside
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When is the Menstrual Period?
- During the first 5 days, the pituitary-->FSH-->ovary-->egg development FSH also stimulates the ovaries to produce estrogen.
- The discharge of bloody fluid.
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When is the Postmenstral Period? What happens then?
A.k.a. follicular phase. Days 6-12, after bleeding, endometrium repairs self. Maturing follicle in the ovary releases estrogen. The period of growth for the follicle.
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When is the ovulatory period? What happens?
- Ovulation occurs by day 13-14. The follicle ruptures and the egg leaves the ovary, pasing through the fallopian tube.
- ESTROGEN REACHES PEAK, is dominant, for about 48 hours.
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When is the premenstral period? What happens?
day 15-28, the empy follicle fills with a yellow material & is corpus luteum-functions as an endocrine organ and secretes the hormone progestrone into the blood stream. Low levels of hormones cause PMS. Progestrone builds up lining of uterus (in case of pregnancy, if not, it stops), this is also known as the luteal phase. If pregnancy occurs, it keeps building uterine walls, and fetilized egg implants into uterine endometrium.
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HGC
human chorionic gonadotopin hormone. A hormone produced by the placenta. The placenta forms within the uterine wall.
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chorion
chorion is the outer membrane around the embryo.
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Amnion
The amnion is the inner most of embryonic membranes, which holds the fetus in amniotic fluid. (nutrients, oxygen and waste are exchanged)
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The pituitary gland secretes these two hormones ________ and ___________.
FSH, follicle-stimulating hormone and LH, luteinizing hormone. Negative Feedback, where high level of hormones (estrogen and progesterone) shut off production of FSH and LH during pregnancy or while taking BIRTH CONTROL PILLS.
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AMNI/O
amnion
- amniocentesis
- amniotic fluid
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cervic/o
cervix, neck
endocervicitis
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culd/o
cul-de-sac
culdocentesis
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galact/o
milk
galactorrhea, abnomal persistent dischare of milk
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gynec/o
woman, female
gynecomastia
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hyster/o
uterus, womb
hysterectomy
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men/o
menses, menstruation
- amenorrhea
- dysmenorrhea
- oligomenorrhea, infrequent scanty menstrual periods
- menorrhagia, abnormalli heavy or long
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metr/o, metri/o
uterus
- metrorrhagia, bleeding between menses
- menometrorrhagia, execesive uterine bleeding during & between periods
- endometriosis
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my/o, myom/o
muscle, muscle tumor
- myometrium
- myomectomy, removal of fibroids from the uterus
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nat/i
birth
neonatal, pertaining to new birth
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obstetr/o
pergnancy and childbirth
obstetrics (obstetrix=midwife in Latin)
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oophor/o
ovary
bilateral oophorectomy (oophor/o means to bear, o/o means egg) removal of both ovaries
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perine/o
perineum
perineorrhaphy
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phor/o
to bear (think of FOR bearing/carrying)
oophoritis
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salping/o
fallopian tubes
salpingectomy
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uter/o
uterus
uterine prolapse
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vagin/o
vagina
- vaginal orifice (an orifice is an opening)
- vaginitis,
usually caused by bacteria or yeast
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bradytocia
slow labor and/or delivery
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neonatology
study of treatment of newborn children
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para II
women having given birth to 2 live infants
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grava III
Woman who has had three prenancies
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D&C
Dialation and curettage, used to remove growth such as polyps, to diagnose cancer of the uterus and/or fallopian tubes to correct menstrual iffegularites and may be done follwing abortion to remove fragments of placenta
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cauterization
buring to seal off tissue
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PMS symptoms
depression, withdrawal, food cravings, mood swings, hostility, neuroticism, nervousnes, confusion, forgetfulness, loss of emotional control
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Physical syptoms of PMS
acne, headaches, migraines, joint pain, muscle pain, food cravings, clumsiness, changei n sex drive, constipation, diarrhea, sweating, shaes, dizzy, sore throat, cystitis, less urination, decreased alcohol tolerance, increase in appetite, thirst or sugar cravings, weight gain, hives, allergies, breast tenderness, swelling, insomnia, backaches, gastrointestinal upsetting
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vulv/o
vulva
vulvovaginitis
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-arche
beginnin
menarche, beginning of menses
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-cyesis
pregnancy
pseudocyesis
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-gravida
pregnancy
- primigravida, 1st pregracy.
- gravida I, II, III, IV, V, etc.
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-parous
bearing, bringing forth
primiparous, an adjective describing a woman who has given birth to at least one child.
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-rrhea
discharge
leukorrhea
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-salpinx
uterine tube
pyosalpinx
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-tocia
labor, birth
- dystocia, painful labor, excessive
- oxytocia, rapid labor
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-version
act of turning
cephalic version, fetus turns so head is clost to cervix
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dys-
painful
dysparenunia (parenunia=intercourse)
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endo-
within
endometritis
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in-
in
involution of the uterus (vol- means roll)
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intra-
within
intrauterine device (IUD)
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multi-
many
- multipara
- multigravida, woman who has been pregnant more than once
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retro-
backward
retroversion, the uterus is abnormally tilted backwards (occurs in 30% of women)
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fibroids
benign tumors in the uterus, also called leiomyomata or leiomyomas (lei/o=smooth, my/o=muscle, =oma=tumor)
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preeclampsia
Abnormal condition associated with pregnancy, marked by high blood pressure, proteinuria (loss of protein in urine) and edem. ETIOLOGY.
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hyaline membrane disease
acute lung disease commonly seen in the premature newborns, also call resipratory distress syndrome of the newborn. It is caused by deficiency of surfactant, a protein necessary for proper lung function.
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