Female Reproductive System

sex cells. They specialize in containing half of the # of chromosomes that a normal body cell contains. Sex cells are produced in the gonads.

• Ovaries. Located in the lower abdomen and connect to the uterus by the fallopian tupes.
• OVA - are produced in the ovaries from pubety to menopause.

a bent forward position. The uterus is a muscular organ that sits in an anteflexion position.

• 1. inner- endometrium
• 2.middle-myometrium
• 3. outter-perimetrium

each ovary are graafian follicles. each graafian follicle contains an ovum. When the ovum matures, the graafian folice ruptures and the ovum is relased from the ovary. (ovulation)

the ends of each uterine tube or fallopian tube contain fimbriae- finger-like projections lined with hairs that sweep the ovum along. It takes approximately 5 days for the ovum to go throug hthe fallopian tube. If fertilization dos not occur, menstruation occurs.

estrogen and progesterone. They play a big part in pregnancy, menstruation and devloping sex characteristics.

Two small rounded glands on either side of the vaginal orifice. These glands produce a mucous secretion that lubricates the vagina.

organ of sensitive, erectile tissue located in front of the urethral meatus.

perineum (both the the male and female)

• VULVA
• 1. labia majora, outer lip of vagina, surrounds inner lips
• 2. labia minor, inner lips
• 3. HYMEN, a thin membrane partially covering the entrance to the vagina, is broken apart during the first episode of intercourse.
• (the clitoris and Bartholin glands also are parts of the vulva.)

• Collectively the: Fallopian tubes, ovaries and supporting ligaments.

round uppor portion of the uterus

(body of an organ) is the larger, central section of the uterus.

narrow, lowermost portion of the uterus (means neck)

Tissure of the breasts (mammary glands) contains milk glands or lobules that develop in response to hormones from the ovaries during puberty. The breast also contains fibrous and fatty tissue, special lactiferous ducts and sinuses that carry milk to nipple.

mammary papilla. The dark pigmented area around the mammary pailla is the areola.

giving birth.

lymph nodes --> glandular tisue--> lactiferous (milk carrying) ducts--> sinuses (cavities) -->mammary papilla (nipple)--> outside

• During the first 5 days, the pituitary-->FSH-->ovary-->egg development FSH also stimulates the ovaries to produce estrogen.
• The discharge of bloody fluid.

A.k.a. follicular phase. Days 6-12, after bleeding, endometrium repairs self. Maturing follicle in the ovary releases estrogen. The period of growth for the follicle.

• Ovulation occurs by day 13-14. The follicle ruptures and the egg leaves the ovary, pasing through the fallopian tube.
• ESTROGEN REACHES PEAK, is dominant, for about 48 hours.

day 15-28, the empy follicle fills with a yellow material & is corpus luteum-functions as an endocrine organ and secretes the hormone progestrone into the blood stream. Low levels of hormones cause PMS. Progestrone builds up lining of uterus (in case of pregnancy, if not, it stops), this is also known as the luteal phase. If pregnancy occurs, it keeps building uterine walls, and fetilized egg implants into uterine endometrium.

human chorionic gonadotopin hormone. A hormone produced by the placenta. The placenta forms within the uterine wall.

chorion is the outer membrane around the embryo.

The amnion is the inner most of embryonic membranes, which holds the fetus in amniotic fluid. (nutrients, oxygen and waste are exchanged)

FSH, follicle-stimulating hormone and LH, luteinizing hormone. Negative Feedback, where high level of hormones (estrogen and progesterone) shut off production of FSH and LH during pregnancy or while taking BIRTH CONTROL PILLS.

amnion

• amniocentesis
• amniotic fluid

cervix, neck

endocervicitis

chorion

• choriogenesis
• chorionic

vagina

colposcopy

cul-de-sac

culdocentesis

vulva

epsiotomy

milk

galactorrhea, abnomal persistent dischare of milk

woman, female

gynecomastia

uterus, womb

hysterectomy

milk

lactogenesis

breast

• mammary
• mammoplasty

breast

• mastitis
• mastectomy

menses, menstruation

• amenorrhea
• dysmenorrhea
• oligomenorrhea, infrequent scanty menstrual periods
• menorrhagia, abnormalli heavy or long

uterus

• metrorrhagia, bleeding between menses
• menometrorrhagia, execesive uterine bleeding during & between periods
• endometriosis

muscle, muscle tumor

• myometrium
• myomectomy, removal of fibroids from the uterus

birth

neonatal, pertaining to new birth

pergnancy and childbirth

obstetrics (obstetrix=midwife in Latin)

EGG

oogenesis

ovary

bilateral oophorectomy (oophor/o means to bear, o/o means egg) removal of both ovaries

EGG

OVUM

ovary

ovarian

egg

anovulatory

perineum

perineorrhaphy

to bear (think of FOR bearing/carrying)

oophoritis

fallopian tubes

salpingectomy

uterus

uterine prolapse

vagina

• vaginal orifice (an orifice is an opening)
• vaginitis, usually caused by bacteria or yeast

slow labor and/or delivery

normal delivery

study of treatment of newborn children

women having given birth to 2 live infants

Woman who has had three prenancies

Dialation and curettage, used to remove growth such as polyps, to diagnose cancer of the uterus and/or fallopian tubes to correct menstrual iffegularites and may be done follwing abortion to remove fragments of placenta

buring to seal off tissue

depression, withdrawal, food cravings, mood swings, hostility, neuroticism, nervousnes, confusion, forgetfulness, loss of emotional control

acne, headaches, migraines, joint pain, muscle pain, food cravings, clumsiness, changei n sex drive, constipation, diarrhea, sweating, shaes, dizzy, sore throat, cystitis, less urination, decreased alcohol tolerance, increase in appetite, thirst or sugar cravings, weight gain, hives, allergies, breast tenderness, swelling, insomnia, backaches, gastrointestinal upsetting

vulva

vulvovaginitis

beginnin

menarche, beginning of menses

pregnancy

pseudocyesis

pregnancy

• primigravida, 1st pregracy.
• gravida I, II, III, IV, V, etc.

bearing, bringing forth

primiparous, an adjective describing a woman who has given birth to at least one child.

discharge

leukorrhea

uterine tube

pyosalpinx

labor, birth

• dystocia, painful labor, excessive
• oxytocia, rapid labor

act of turning

cephalic version, fetus turns so head is clost to cervix

painful

dysparenunia (parenunia=intercourse)

within

endometritis

in

involution of the uterus (vol- means roll)

within

intrauterine device (IUD)

many

• multipara
• multigravida, woman who has been pregnant more than once

no, not, none

• nulligravida
• nullipara

before

prenatal

first

primipara

backward

retroversion, the uterus is abnormally tilted backwards (occurs in 30% of women)

benign tumors in the uterus, also called leiomyomata or leiomyomas (lei/o=smooth, my/o=muscle, =oma=tumor)

Abnormal condition associated with pregnancy, marked by high blood pressure, proteinuria (loss of protein in urine) and edem. ETIOLOGY.

acute lung disease commonly seen in the premature newborns, also call resipratory distress syndrome of the newborn. It is caused by deficiency of surfactant, a protein necessary for proper lung function.